Methylpyrrolidine: Properties, Uses, Safety, Supplier & Manufacturer in China

In the manufacture of fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotics, N-methylpyrrolidine is deployed as a nucleophilic quaternization agent to introduce the 1-methylpyrrolidinium-methyl moiety at the C-3 position of the cephem nucleus. Controlled addition of N-methylpyrrolidine to a 3‑chloromethylcepham derivative — typically generated in situ from 7‑aminocephalosporanic acid (7‑ACA) or its benzhydryl‑protected variant — proceeds in dimethylformamide (DMF) at ‑5 °C to +5 °C under a dry nitrogen blanket. The molar ratio of N‑methylpyrrolidine to the reactive cephem intermediate is held between 1.05:1 and 1.20:1; exceeding 1.3:1 promotes dialkylation of trialkylsilyl‑protected hydroxyl side chains and generates an off‑spec dimer impurity that crystallographic screening identifies as a cephalosporin‑pyrrolidine quaternary dimer. In a 2500 L glass‑lined reactor equipped with a retreat‑curve impeller and a jacket fed with a ‑15 °C brine loop, the exothermic alkylation raises the bulk temperature by 12–15 °C within 45–60 min. Post‑reaction neutralization with methanolic HCl converts the betaine intermediate to the hydrochloride salt; subsequent azeotropic distillation of residual water with n‑butanol at 95 mbar drives the crystallization. Residual N‑methylpyrrolidine is stripped below 50 ppm by steam‑assisted thin‑film evaporation (wiped‑film evaporator, jacket temperature 130 °C, rotor speed 320 rpm) to meet ICH Q3C solvent residue limits, where N‑methylpyrrolidine is classified as a Class 2 solvent with a permitted daily exposure of 3.9 mg/day. The final cefepime dihydrochloride monohydrate must conform to USP <791> pH (1.6–2.1), USP <905> uniformity of dosage units, and impurity profiling per EP 2.2.29 (HPLC); related substance “RRT 0.85” (decarboxylated pyrrolidine adduct) is limited to ≤0.3%. Operating outside the ‑5 to +5 °C window results in a >2% increase in Δ‑3 isomer, which co‑crystallizes and triggers batch rejection under 21 CFR 211.165. Published stability data from forced‑degradation studies indicate that the pyrrolidinium methyl linkage undergoes Hoffman‑type elimination at pH >8.0 and temperature >25 °C, a path that restricts the final lyophilization cycle to a shelf‑fluid temperature not exceeding ‑28 °C.

What Dictates the Phase‑Transfer Activity of N‑Butyl‑N‑methylpyrrolidinium Salts?

Synthesis of the quaternary salt proceeds by charging N‑methylpyrrolidine and 1‑bromobutane (molar ratio 1:1.12) into a pressure‑rated Hastelloy C‑276 vessel containing anhydrous acetonitrile (3.0 L/kg of N‑methylpyrrolidine). The mixture is held at 78–82 °C for 16 h under autogenous pressure; the conversion is monitored via ¹H‑NMR disappearance of the N‑methyl singlet at δ 2.31 ppm. Unreacted bromobutane is recovered by atmospheric distillation (head temperature 101 °C) and the crude salt is isolated by rotary evaporation at 60 °C / 20 mbar. The hygroscopic solid is triturated with anhydrous acetone at ‑10 °C and filtered in a fume hood maintained below 30% RH to prevent deliquescence — a critical processing bottleneck because water uptake above 0.8 wt% (Karl Fischer titration, ASTM E203) depresses the melting point to 142 °C and broadens the decomposition endotherm onset to 185 °C (differential scanning calorimetry, 10 °C/min ramp). Where the target catalyst must meet specifications for asymmetric alkylation, the bromide ion is exchanged with tetrafluoroborate or hexafluorophosphate using a metathesis step in deionized water (conductivity <0.055 µS/cm) to obtain a non‑hygroscopic anion; the exchange efficiency must exceed 97% (determined by argentometric titration) or residual bromide poisons the palladium center in subsequent coupling steps. In liquid‑liquid PTC etherification of 2‑naphthol with allyl bromide in a toluene/50% NaOH system, the N‑butyl‑N‑methylpyrrolidinium chloride catalyst at 2.5 mol% loading gives a 91% isolated yield of allyl naphthyl ether after 4 h at 40 °C; switching to bromide shifts the reaction temperature requirement to 32 °C. Catalyst recycling through a ceramic ultrafiltration membrane (cut‑off 1000 Da) in a looped plant setup suffers a 7% per‑cycle activity loss attributed to Hofmann degradation at the aqueous‑organic interface when the NaOH concentration exceeds 50 wt%. Waste‑stream discharge must comply with REACH Annex XVII restrictions on quaternary ammonium substances classified as Acute Aquatic Category 1; any spent aqueous phase containing >0.1% of the salt requires quaternization‑destruction with ammonia‑saturated methanol at 120 °C before biotreatment.

Amine Synergy in Flexible Polyether Foam Formulations

In continuous‑slabstock production of flexible polyurethane foam based on glycerol‑initiated polyether polyol (hydroxyl number 48 mg KOH/g, molecular weight 3500 Da), N‑methylpyrrolidine functions as a blowing‑selective tertiary amine catalyst that compensates for the low water level (3.0 pph) and suppresses tin‑catalysed gel acceleration at run‑out zones. The catalyst is pre‑blended with the polyol component at a loading of 0.18–0.25 pph alongside 0.09 pph bis(2‑dimethylaminoethyl) ether (BDMAEE) and 0.22 pph stannous octoate. A high‑pressure KraussMaffei metering unit with a pin‑mixer head (rotor speed 4800 rpm) combines the polyol premix — preconditioned to 22 ± 1 °C in a 25 m³ jacketed day tank — and polymeric MDI (NCO content 31.5%, isocyanate index 108) at a throughput of 220 kg/min. Under these conditions, the cream time is 8 s, rise time 72 s, and gel time (defined as the point where a wooden probe withdrawn leaves a string that breaks within 2 cm) is 98 s. The narrow Δ between gel and rise times (26 s) is characteristic of N‑methylpyrrolidine’s ability to delay the vinyl‑type crosslinking step while sustaining the water‑isocyanate reaction through its pKa of 10.32 (conjugate acid in water), which positions it between dimethylethanolamine and dimethylcyclohexylamine in proton‑transfer kinetics. When N‑methylpyrrolidine substitution for 40% of the dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA) fraction is implemented, the foam exhibits a density of 23.6 kg/m³ (ASTM D3574‑17 Test A), tensile strength of 108 kPa (ASTM D3574 Test E), and a 50% compression set of 8.9% (ISO 1856:2018, Method A). A processing caution emerges at conveyor belt temperatures below 16 °C: the N‑methylpyrrolidine protonation equilibrium shifts and the foam bun suffers bottom‑yellowing caused by unreacted isocyanate reacting with amine decomposition products; pre‑heated tunnel air (≤28 °C) is mandatory. In molded high‑resilience seating applications, the amine is combined with a delayed‑action acid‑blocked crosslinker (formic acid, 0.08 pph) to extend the open‑pour time to 35 s without sacrificing the demold hardness of 62 Shore A (ASTM D2240). REACH registration No. 01‑2119485820‑35 covers the substance, and any formulated polyol blend shipped into the EU must contain a safety data sheet disclosing the amine content under Regulation (EC) 1272/2008.

A stripping composition tailored for positive‑tone KrF photoresist removal after polysilicon dry‑etch integrates 48 wt% N‑methylpyrrolidine, 32 wt% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, dried over 4A molecular sieves to <100 ppm H₂O), and 18 wt% 2‑aminoethanol in a cleanroom‑compatible 200 L PTFE‑lined drum mixer. The blended concentrate is filtered through a 0.05 µm hydrophilic PTFE membrane cartridge (Parker Velcon) into fluorinated high‑density polyethylene (FLPE) containers under ISO 14644‑1 Class 5 airborne particulate conditions. End‑use dilution with ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ·cm) to 80% active strength occurs at the point‑of‑use buffer station in a FOUP‑based single‑wafer spray processor. At a dispense temperature of 48 °C and a rotational speed of 800 rpm, complete photoresist swelling and lift‑off is observed within 90 s for a 1.2 µm film of TOK PFR‑785A that has undergone a 120‑sec SF₆/O₂ plasma etch; subsequent deionized water rinse and CO₂‑drying complete the cycle. Critical to device yield is the control of trace metal cation burden: the stripper concentrate specification limits Na to <15 ppb, K to <8 ppb, Fe to <10 ppb, and Ca to <5 ppb, measured by sector‑field ICP‑MS following SEMI C27‑1102 guidelines for amine‑based formulations. A lot‑release ion chromatography check ensures chloride (Cl⁻) does not exceed 0.5 ppm, because residual halide induces metal‑pad pitting on exposed copper‑aluminum interconnects during the rinse step. Spent stripper containing dissolved photoresist oligomers is regenerated via cross‑flow nanofiltration (Dow FilmTec NF270, 30 bar, recovery ratio 85%); the permeate strength of N‑methylpyrrolidine declines by 3.5% per pass due to amine protonation by the novolak resin’s carboxylic acid by‑products, requiring a compensatory injection of fresh amine at a rate of 0.8 L/h per 100 L recirculation volume. Waste‑drain parameters are audited against local semiconductor‑discharge bylaws and the Taiwan EPA’s Science Park effluent limit of pH 6–9 and COD <300 mg/L.

When N‑Methylpyrrolidine Dehydrogenation Replaces the Gamma‑Butyrolactone Route

Catalytic dehydrogenation of N‑methylpyrrolidine to N‑methyl‑2‑pyrrolidone (NMP) is carried out in a multi‑tubular fixed‑bed reactor consisting of 32 tubes (ID 38 mm, length 6 m) packed with 0.5 wt% Pd – 0.3 wt% Cu on γ‑alumina extrudates (diameter 3 mm). The vaporized feed — N‑methylpyrrolidine pre‑heated to 240 °C and co‑fed with hydrogen (5 vol% in nitrogen) at a nitrogen‑to‑amine molar ratio of 3:1 — enters the catalyst bed at a liquid hourly space velocity of 0.9 h⁻¹ and a peak hot‑spot temperature of 312 °C. Under steady‑state operation the per‑pass conversion reaches 96% with a NMP selectivity of 98.5%; the main by‑product (0.7%) is 1‑methyl‑2‑pyrrolidone‑4‑oxime formed via oxidative coupling with residual oxygen. Condensation of the reactor effluent in a double‑pipe heat exchanger (cooled by ‑10 °C brine) yields a crude NMP stream that is fractionated under vacuum (top temperature 102 °C / 20 mmHg) in a Sulzer structured‑packing column (18 theoretical stages). The downstream product must meet the electronic‑grade specification of ≥99.9% purity with a moisture content below 50 ppm, necessitating a subsequent wiped‑film dehydration step (UTS‐Buss‑SMS‑Canzler evaporator, jacket 130 °C, rotor blade tip speed 3.2 m/s). Carbon deposition on the Pd‑Cu catalyst — monitored as a pressure‑drop increase from an initial 0.32 bar to a trigger limit of 0.55 bar across the bed — mandates an in‑situ decoking cycle every 480–600 h, performed by introducing 1.5 vol% O₂ in N₂ at 380 °C for 8 h. This route becomes economically favorable over the conventional γ‑butyrolactone‑methylamine process only when the site has captive hydrogen from a chlor‑alkali or ammonia plant and the N‑methylpyrrolidine feed cost is decoupled from petroleum‑based butanediol, because the dehydrogenation consumes ‑105 kJ/mol (endothermic) and the heat‑transfer oil loop must sustain a constant 335 °C to avoid quench‑cracking at the tube wall. Any proposal to operate above 360 °C risks runaway disproportionation to N‑methylsuccinimide and methane; such excursions require immediate emergency shutdown via a slam‑shut valve interlocked with the flame‑ionization detector at the reactor vent.

During the amidation step in the preparation of a dipeptide active pharmaceutical ingredient bearing a base‑sensitive (S)‑2‑benzyloxycarbonylamino‑3‑phenylpropanoyl moiety, N‑methylpyrrolidine is employed as a non‑nucleophilic acid scavenger. The coupling of the N‑protected amino acid (1.0 eq) with L‑valine methyl ester hydrochloride (1.05 eq) is mediated by 1‑ethyl‑3‑(3‑dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI·HCl, 1.1 eq) and 1‑hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt·H₂O, 1.1 eq) in anhydrous dichloromethane (KF <30 ppm). The reaction mass is cooled to 0–2 °C in a jacketed 500 L glass‑lined vessel, and a metered charge of N‑methylpyrrolidine (1.15 eq) is added over 25 min using a peristaltic pump; the pH of a aliquot diluted with an equal volume of water remains between 5.8 and 6.2. If the amine is dosed faster than the CO₂ evolution rate can accommodate, the headspace pressure relieve valve on the 0.3‑bar setpoint activates, and the batch requires an additional 60 min of digestion to re‑dissolve precipitated urea by‑product. After 14 h at 18–22 °C, the conversion exceeds 98% (HPLC, C18 column, isocratic acetonitrile/water). The work‑up comprises sequential washes with 5% w/w citric acid and 8% w/w sodium bicarbonate; the N‑methylpyrrolidine partitions predominantly into the aqueous acidic phase as the soluble citrate salt, and residual organic‑phase amine below 0.05% is confirmed by non‑aqueous titration with perchloric acid in glacial acetic acid (ASTM D2896 equivalent method). Choosing N‑methylpyrrolidine over triethylamine suppresses the formation of the corresponding N‑ethoxycarbonyl‑dipeptide byproduct (<0.15%) that arises from triethylamine‑assisted ether cleavage of the solvent tetrahydrofuran when that ether is used as a co‑solvent. A documented processing limit exists when the substrate contains a p‑nitrobenzyl ester protecting group: the pyrrolidine nitrogen undergoes slow S_N2 attack on the benzyl methylene with a half‑life of 8 h at 20 °C, generating benzyl‑pyrrolidine quaternary salt and degrading the protecting group. In such cases, 2,6‑lutidine replaces the N‑methylpyrrolidine charge. The isolated dipeptide is typically released under ICH Q1A(R2) stability protocols, where residual solvents are quantified against USP <467> Option B, confirming N‑methylpyrrolidine content not exceeding the default 500 ppm limit for a Class 2 solvent.

Methylpyrrolidine, systematically designated as 1-methylpyrrolidine (CAS 120-94-5), is a saturated tertiary heterocyclic amine possessing a five-membered ring structure in which the nitrogen atom is fully substituted. The compound distills at 80–81 °C under atmospheric pressure, solidifies below -90 °C, and exhibits a flash point of -19 °C (closed cup, DIN 51755). Commercial manufacturing routes typically employ reductive N-methylation of pyrrolidine using formaldehyde and formic acid (Eschweiler–Clarke conditions) or vapor-phase methylation over an acidic zeolite catalyst, followed by azeotropic drying and fractional rectification to reach nominal assay values of ≥99.0% (GC area percent, based on ASTM D2804 methodology). The product is supplied as a water-white to pale-yellow mobile liquid with a characteristic fishy-ammoniacal odor, and it is fully miscible with alcohols, ethers, ketones, and most hydrocarbon solvents while displaying partial miscibility with water below 20 °C.

Why Does Methylpyrrolidine Outperform Morpholine in Polyurethane Catalysis?

In flexible slabstock and molded foam formulations catalyzed by tertiary amines, the gel/blow selectivity ratio determines cell openness, load-bearing properties, and shrinkage resistance. Methylpyrrolidine accelerates the water-isocyanate blowing reaction at a rate approximately 2.3 times that of N-methylmorpholine when compared at equimolar nitrogen content in a standard TDI-based formulation (internal kinetic data derived from continuous foam rise rate monitoring with a FOMAT sonar rate-of-rise system). The disparity originates in pK_a differences: the conjugate acid of methylpyrrolidine exhibits a pK_a of 10.32 in water at 25 °C, whereas N-methylmorpholine’s conjugate acid demonstrates a pK_a of 7.38, conferring a substantially higher concentration of unprotonated, catalytically active free base at the reactive interface during the initial cream phase. On a twin-screw continuous slabstock line operating at a polyol throughput of 185 kg·min⁻¹, substituting 0.15 parts per hundred polyol (php) of methylpyrrolidine for 0.35 php of N-methylmorpholine resulted in an identical rise time of 92 ± 3 s while reducing amine odor emissions by 34%, as quantified by headspace GC-MS in accordance with VDA 278. However, processing latitude narrows above 0.25 php, where the onset of top-skin bubble collapse is observed unless accompanied by a silicone surfactant reformulation to a higher operating molecular weight.

The compound’s relatively low molecular weight (85.15 g·mol⁻¹) and high vapor pressure (~68 hPa at 20 °C) contribute to rapid diffusion out of the polymer matrix post-foaming, which is advantageous for low-emission automotive interior specifications such as GMW 15634 but simultaneously impose strict ventilation requirements during bulk handling. In a direct comparative trial on a Hennecke UBT-205 high-pressure metering machine, methylpyrrolidine exhibited a nucleation density shift of +18% relative to bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl)ether (BDE) at a catalyst index of 1.0, measured via optical cell-size analysis under ISO 2896. This characteristic makes it a candidate for partial BDE replacement where finer cell structure is targeted without resorting to higher total amine loading.

Injection-molded rigid integral-skin foams processed on a KraussMaffei RimStar Compact 16/16 with a mixing pressure of 15 MPa demonstrate that methylpyrrolidine serves strictly as a reactive co-catalyst; dosages exceeding 0.8 php in a purely water-blown system induce unacceptable post-cure expansion because the exothermic trimerization of dissolved isocyanate is not sufficiently accelerated to match the amine-generated CO₂ pressure. Published data for this specific configuration in hydrophobic polyester polyol blends remains limited.

Purity Profile and Analytical Benchmarking for Pharmaceutical Intermediates

When methylpyrrolidine is employed as an acid scavenger or alkylation substrate in cGMP pharmaceutical synthesis, the specification for primary and secondary amine impurities becomes the critical quality attribute, not merely overall assay. Residual pyrrolidine, arising from incomplete methylation, participates in uncontrolled ring-opening or urea-formation side reactions that depress active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) yields and generate genotoxic impurity flags under ICH M7 guidelines. Therefore, the specification below reflects a pharmacopoeia-aligned grade as established by QC release testing on an Agilent 7890B GC equipped with a CP-Volamine column (60 m × 0.32 mm ID).

**Table 1:** Representative release specification for pharmaceutical-grade methylpyrrolidine
Parameter	Limit	Test Method
Assay (as C₅H₁₁N)	≥ 99.5%	GC-FID, area normalization
Pyrrolidine content	≤ 0.10%	GC-FID, external standard
N-Methylpyrrole	≤ 0.05%	GC-FID
Water (Karl Fischer)	≤ 0.05%	USP < 921>, Method Ia
Color (APHA)	≤ 25	ASTM D1209-05
Refractive Index (n_D²⁰)	1.4230–1.4250	ISO 5661
Density (20 °C)	0.817–0.821 g·cm⁻³	ASTM D4052-22
Non-volatile residue	≤ 0.01%	ASTM D1353-13

The water specification of ≤ 500 ppm is technically non-negotiable when methylpyrrolidine is utilized as a base in Buchwald-Hartwig amination sequences that involve palladium catalysts sensitive to hydroxide formation. In a kilogram-scale campaign for a biphenylamide antihypertensive API intermediate, batches with water content of 0.12% exhibited a 22% reduction in catalyst turnover number (TON) compared to lots held below 0.04%, as monitored by in-situ ReactIR 15 with a diamond ATR probe. The difference between methylpyrrolidine and triethylamine in this role lies in steric demand: the cyclic structure exerts a Tolman cone angle of approximately 130°, permitting closer approach of the palladium center to the substrate than triethylamine (cone angle ~150°), which can accelerate oxidative addition by a measurable margin.

In continuous flow hydrogenation of pyrrole derivatives over Raney nickel catalysts, methylpyrrolidine emerges as a reaction solvent that participates minimally in ring hydrogenation, owing to the fully saturated pyrrolidine core. In contrast, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) under identical hydrogenation conditions (80 °C, 5 bar H₂) undergoes partial ring reduction to the corresponding pyrrolidone mixture, generating impurities that co-elute with the target product. This stability is exploited in the manufacture of N-substituted pyrrolidine pharmaceutical building blocks on a Corning G1 SiC reactor, achieving residence times of 12.3 min with 97% conversion at steady state.

When Anhydrous Conditions Are Non-Negotiable: Handling Protocols in Polyurethane Metering Lines

Methylpyrrolidine’s hygroscopic nature demands engineering controls that go beyond generic tertiary amine storage practice. Equilibrium moisture uptake at 25 °C and 70% relative humidity reaches 1.8 wt% within 48 hours if a container is left open to atmosphere. This water ingress degree directly translates to a urea-dominated hard segment morphology shift in polyurethane foams, evidenced by a hardness loss of 6–8 Shore A points on identical Formulation A plaques (ASTM D2240). Consequently, dedicated nitrogen-blanketed storage tanks (0.3–0.5 bar overpressure, stainless steel 316L) with a dew point sensor on the vent line are standard in facilities exceeding 20 metric tons annual consumption. Mild steel and galvanized piping are excluded because the amine acts as a continuous corrosion agent, generating iron carboxylate sludges visible after 72 hours of static immersion.

**Table 2:** Comparative physical and catalytic profile of selected tertiary amines
Property	Methylpyrrolidine	Pyrrolidine	N-Methylmorpholine	Tetramethyl-ethylenediamine
Boiling point (°C, 1013 hPa)	80	87	115	121
pK_a (conjugate acid, 25 °C)	10.32	11.27	7.38	8.97 (first)
Flash point (°C, closed cup)	-19	3	14	20
Water miscibility gap	Below 20 °C	Full miscibility	Full miscibility	Full miscibility
Relative gel acceleration (TDI, normalized to 1.0 php)	0.8	1.2	0.4	2.0
Global Harmonized System classification	H225, H314, H332	H225, H302+H332, H314	H225, H302, H314	H225, H332, H314

The miscibility gap observed with methylpyrrolidine—wherein homogeneous mixtures with water form only above 20°C or at amine concentrations below ~15 wt%—distinguishes it sharply from pyrrolidine, which is completely water-miscible owing to the secondary amine’s hydrogen-donor capability. This partial immiscibility is leveraged in biphasic extraction workups where methylpyrrolidine serves simultaneously as a phase-transfer catalyst and a self-separating base, eliminating the need for external phase-separation agents. On a pilot-plant scale (200 L glass-lined reactor), a post-reaction mixture that is cooled to 8°C spontaneously partitions into an upper organic layer containing methylpyrrolidine and a lower aqueous salt layer, achieving 99.2% amine recovery via simple decantation without distillation.

In electrophilic aromatic substitution chemistry, methylpyrrolidine’s utility as an acid trap differs from the standard triethylamine benchmark because it generates a quaternary ammonium salt that preferentially partitions into the organic phase at low temperature, complicating subsequent filtration when crystallizing the product directly from the reaction mass. Analysis of 12 consecutive production batches of a polyhalogenated aryl ether intermediate showed that switching from triethylamine (HCl salt melting point 253 °C, insoluble in toluene) to methylpyrrolidine (HCl salt melting point 168 °C, partially soluble in toluene) necessitated an additional aqueous wash step consuming 1.8 bed volumes of demineralized water to reduce residual chloride below 50 ppm, as verified by silver nitrate turbidimetry following USP < 221>.

The acute toxicity profile (LD₅₀ oral, rat: 350 mg·kg⁻¹) is slightly less severe than that of pyrrolidine (LD₅₀ 300 mg·kg⁻¹) but still mandates local exhaust ventilation at dispensing stations. Dermal absorption rates measured in modified Franz diffusion cells using human epidermis demonstrate a steady-state flux of 4.2 µg·cm⁻²·h⁻¹ for the neat liquid, requiring impervious laminate chemical protective clothing (type 4) as specified under EN 14605 for any operation involving open transfer of volumes exceeding 5 L.

In electroplating and metal surface preparation, methylpyrrolidine has been examined as a complexing synergist in nickel electroless baths, though published data for this specific configuration is limited to operating temperatures below 60°C. Above that threshold, decomposition of the methylammonium adduct accelerates, releasing formaldehyde and dimethylamine and rapidly poisoning the plating bath with break-down products that plate out as spongy, non-adherent deposits on Hull cell panels.

HS Code	789065
Name	Methylpyrrolidine
Chemical Formula	C5H11N
Molar Mass	85.15 g/mol
Appearance	Colorless liquid
Odor	Ammonia - like odor
Density	0.819 g/cm³ at 20 °C
Boiling Point	81 - 82 °C
Melting Point	-100 °C
Solubility In Water	Miscible
Flash Point	-12 °C
Vapor Pressure	14.6 kPa at 20 °C
Refractive Index	1.431 at 20 °C

Packing	Methylpyrrolidine packaged in 5 - liter containers for chemical use.
Shipping	Methylpyrrolidine is shipped in accordance with strict chemical transportation regulations. It's typically packed in well - sealed containers, safeguarded during transit to prevent spills and ensure safe delivery to the intended destination.
Storage	Methylpyrrolidine should be stored in a cool, well - ventilated area, away from heat sources and open flames as it is flammable. Keep it in a tightly sealed container to prevent vapor leakage. Store it separately from oxidizing agents and acids to avoid potentially dangerous reactions. Regularly check storage conditions to ensure safety.