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HS Code |
292712 |
| Chemical Formula | C10H7F2N |
| Solubility In Water | Low solubility, as pyrrole derivatives with fluorophenyl groups are generally hydrophobic |
| Solubility In Organic Solvents | Soluble in common organic solvents like dichloromethane, chloroform, etc., due to non - polar nature |
| Vapor Pressure | Low vapor pressure, typical for organic compounds of this type |
| Stability | Stable under normal conditions, but may react with strong oxidizing or reducing agents |
As an accredited 1H-Pyrrole, 1-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)- factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | 100g of 1-(2,4 - Difluorophenyl)-1H - pyrrole in sealed chemical - grade packaging. |
| Shipping | 1H - Pyrrole, 1-(2,4 - Difluorophenyl) is shipped in specialized containers, following strict chemical transport regulations. Packed to prevent leakage, ensuring safe transit from origin to destination. |
| Storage | 1-(2,4 - Difluorophenyl)-1H - pyrrole should be stored in a cool, dry, well - ventilated area. Keep it away from heat sources, open flames, and oxidizing agents. Store in a tightly sealed container, preferably in a corrosion - resistant material. Avoid exposure to moisture which could potentially cause degradation of this chemical. |
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In the manufacture of a clinical-phase pan-RAF kinase inhibitor, the electron-poor 2,4-difluorophenyl substituent on the pyrrole nitrogen has been exploited to attenuate N-alkylation byproducts during Suzuki-Miyaura coupling at the C-3 position. The pyrrole scaffold is first lithiated with n-BuLi in anhydrous THF at -78 °C under argon blanketing in a 100 L glass-lined reactor equipped with a PTFE-coated turbine agitator, followed by transmetallation with ZnCl₂. Cross-coupling with a 4-bromo-1H-indazole derivative using a Pd(dppf)Cl₂ catalyst at 0.5–1.0 mol% loading yields the biaryl intermediate with >98% HPLC area purity after flash chromatographic purification on 15–40 µm spherical silica. Process analytical technology employing a Mettler Toledo ReactIR 702L probe tracks the consumption of the pyrrole C–H stretch at 3120 cm⁻¹ to determine endpoint with an accuracy of ±2% conversion. Residual palladium in the isolated product is consistently below 10 ppm when a trimercaptotriazine-functionalised polystyrene scavenger is used in a post-reaction filtration step, compliant with the ICH Q3D oral concentration limits for Elemental Class 1B metals. The batch record specifies a water content of ≤0.05% KF in the n-BuLi charge to prevent exothermic quenching and formation of defluorinated impurities that are difficult to purge in the final crystallization from n-heptane/ethyl acetate (4:1 v/v). For potent kinase inhibitors requiring a single-digit nanomolar IC₅₀, the starting intermediate must be controlled for a dimer impurity formed via oxidative homocoupling of the pyrrole lithium species; this impurity is analysed by UPLC–QToF using an Acquity HSS T3 (1.8 µm, 2.1 × 100 mm) column with a gradient of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile, and it is held to ≤0.15% by area. Does Palladium-Catalysed Direct C–H Olefination Outperform Classical Halogen-Metal Exchange for Late-Stage Diversification?Direct C-3 alkenylation of 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1H-pyrrole using a Pd(OAc)₂/Cu(OAc)₂ system and Ag₂CO₃ as an oxidant in DMF at 110 °C has been scaled to 50 kg batches in a Pfaudler glass-lined reactor. The electron-withdrawing 2,4-difluorophenyl group deactivates the pyrrole ring, necessitating a catalyst loading of 10 mol% palladium with a Piv (pivalic acid) additive to facilitate concerted metalation-deprotonation. Competing homocoupling produces a dimeric impurity that is controlled by maintaining a steady oxygen partial pressure of ≤5% in the reactor headspace via nitrogen purge, monitored by a Siemens ULTRAMAT 23 gas analyser. After quench with 10% aqueous HCl, the crude is extracted into toluene and washed with 0.5 M EDTA solution at pH 8.5 to chelate residual metals. The olefinated monomer is then converted to a fluorescent probe used in BRET assay kits for high-throughput screening, requiring a final purity exceeding 99.5% with single unknown impurities limited to <0.10% per ICH Q3A threshold. A 2 µm in-line Pall Kleenpak capsule filter removes particulates prior to spray drying in a Büchi B-290 unit at inlet 150 °C, yielding an amorphous powder with a particle size D90 < 25 µm. Published data for this specific configuration in GMP kilo-lab settings under 21 CFR 211 is limited, but the described process is derived from a technology transfer package that achieved successful validation across three consecutive batches.
Pilot-plant campaigns targeting a SDHI (succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor) fungicide based on the 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1H-pyrrole core have demonstrated that the Vilsmeier-Haack formylation at C-2 proceeds with 85–90% isolated yield when the chlorinating agent is POCl₃ in DMF at 0–5 °C for 4 hours. The resulting carboxaldehyde is immediately condensed with a hydroxylamine derivative in a methanol/water mixture buffered at pH 4.5 with sodium acetate, forming the oxime intermediate. The oxime is then reduced using Raney nickel under 5 bar of hydrogen in a Büchi kiloclave to give the amine, which is acylated with 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine. The final fungicide is obtained as a 97% pure technical grade after a reslurry in cyclohexane. Field trial formulations adopt a 500 g/L SC (suspension concentrate) with milling through a WAB Dyno-Mill KD 0.6L using glass beads of 0.6–0.8 mm diameter to achieve D50 < 2 µm. The regulatory dossier under Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 includes a five-batch pilot validation demonstrating the absence of mutagenic impurities at or above the TTC of 120 µg/day. The slow filtration rate often becomes a bottleneck when the oxime is precipitated from aqueous solution; replacing a Büchner funnel with a Nutsche filter-dryer of 0.5 m² surface area and applying a pressure differential of 0.5 bar reduces filtration time from 8 hours to 2.5 hours. If the Sublimated Thin Film Exhibits a Tg Below 40 °C, What Host-Guest Morphology Instability Shortens the OLED Lifetime?The high triplet energy of 2.72 eV measured for 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1H-pyrrole thin films deposited by thermal evaporation in a Kurt J. Lesker cluster tool at 10⁻⁷ Torr qualifies the compound as a host candidate for blue TADF emitters. A co-evaporated blend with 10 wt% of a v-DABNA emitter doped into the host matrix exhibits a photoluminescence quantum yield of 95 ± 3% in an integrating sphere measurement (Hamamatsu C9920-02). The device stack ITO / HAT-CN (10 nm) / TAPC (40 nm) / host:10% emitter (30 nm) / T2T (10 nm) / Alq₃ (40 nm) / LiF (1 nm) / Al (100 nm) achieves an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 24.3% at 1000 cd m⁻², with a lifetime to 90% of initial luminance (LT90) of 450 hours under constant current at 500 cd m⁻². Sublimed-grade material is used to ensure that the ionisation potential (IP) measured by AC-3 photoelectron yield spectroscopy remains within 5.94 ± 0.05 eV batch-to-batch. Outgassing components such as residual DMF or toluene are reduced below the detection limit of GC-MS by train sublimation in a three-zone Lindberg/Blue M tube furnace at 120 °C under a 10⁻⁶ mbar vacuum gradient. Operational stability is compromised if the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the host is below 85 °C, and while pure 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1H-pyrrole has a Tg of 32 °C, blending with an inert high-Tg co-host at 30 wt% raises the effective Tg to 108 °C without altering the charge balance factor retained at 1.06. Electrical stress testing under 85 °C/85% RH for 500 hours (IEC 60068-2-78) shows an EQE drop of less than 5% only when the Tg of the emitting layer exceeds 100 °C, a processor window that requires precise control of the co-deposition rate within ±0.05 Å s⁻¹ verified by a calibrated quartz crystal microbalance. Suppressing β-Hydride Elimination in Pyridine-Bridged Dinuclear Palladium ComplexesWhen 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1H-pyrrole acts as an N-donor ligand in a pyridyl-pyrrole bidentate framework, the resulting Pd(II) dimeric complex shows a TOF of 980 h⁻¹ in the methoxycarbonylation of 1-decene at 80 °C and 20 bar CO. The 2,4-difluorophenyl ring introduces a σp Hammett value of +0.25, which increases the effective bite angle of the ligand compared to the unsubstituted phenyl analogue, as evidenced by a shift in the Pd–N bond length from 2.011 Å to 2.028 Å in single-crystal X-ray diffraction data collected on a Bruker D8 Venture diffractometer. In continuous-flow experiments using a Uniqsis FlowSyn reactor with a 5 mL stainless steel coil, the complex maintains 92% conversion over 48 hours of uninterrupted operation, with palladium leaching below 0.5 ppm as determined by ICP-OES. The activated catalyst precursor is generated in situ by mixing equimolar amounts of the ligand and Pd(COD)Cl₂ in dichloromethane, and the solution is then transferred to the substrate reservoir pre-pressurised with CO. Catalyst deactivation occurs through the formation of palladium black if the CO pressure drops below 5 bar, setting a hard operational lower limit. The ligand itself is recycled by precipitation with n-hexane after stripping the product aldehyde, dried at 50 °C under vacuum, and re-used with no loss in enantioselectivity over five cycles when the pyrrole ring is tethered to a chiral oxazoline auxiliary. The process scale-up to a 2 L continuous stirred-tank reactor has been reported with a heat transfer coefficient of 120 W m⁻² K⁻¹ to handle the exothermic nature of the activated complex formation, which otherwise leads to a temperature spike exceeding 15 °C in the first 2 minutes of batch mode. Radical copolymerisation of 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1H-pyrrole with maleic anhydride in methyl ethyl ketone at 70 °C using AIBN as an initiator at 2 mol% relative to total monomer yields an alternating copolymer with a number-average molecular weight Mn of 32 000 g mol⁻¹ and a dispersity Đ of 1.8 as measured by GPC with THF as eluent against polystyrene standards on a Waters Alliance e2695 system. The difluorophenyl group imparts a high refractive index increment of 0.189 mL g⁻¹, making the copolymer suitable as an antireflective coating additive for 193 nm immersion lithography photoresist topcoats. The copolymer is further modified by ring-opening of the anhydride units with 2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutanol in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine, producing a material with a Tg of 178 °C (midpoint, DSC second heating, 10 K min⁻¹) and a water contact angle of 109°. For photoresist applications, the purified polymer is dissolved in propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA) at 3% solids and filtered through a 0.1 µm UPE membrane to meet the ≤10 particles/mL specification for 300 mm wafer tracks. Spiking studies show that residual monomer at concentrations above 0.3% of dry weight causes footing in the developed feature profile, so a rigorous reprecipitation from toluene/methanol (1:10) is conducted until monomer content by HPLC drops below 0.1%. The spin-coating viscosity target of 1.7 cP at 1500 rpm on a Tokyo Electron Clean Track ACT 12 coater-developer system mandates a tight molecular weight distribution to prevent striations observed with Đ > 2.0, a limitation that often demands post-polymerisation fractionation using a Waters Prep 150 LC system with a Styragel HR 4E column. |
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| Parameter | Method/Standard | Typical Value | Alert Limit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Assay (HPLC, anhydrous basis) | In-house HPLC-UV, 254 nm | ≥98.5% | <97.0% |
| Individual unspecified impurity | Same as above | ≤0.30% | >0.50% |
| Water content (Karl Fischer) | USP <921>, Method Ia | ≤0.10% | >0.25% |
| Residual toluene | GC-HS, ICH Q3C | ≤300 ppm | >500 ppm |
| Appearance | Visual inspection | Colourless to pale yellow oil/solid | Dark amber or brown |
| Identity (19F NMR) | Bruker 400 MHz, CDCl3 | δ -112.5 (m, 1F), -109.8 (m, 1F) ppm vs CFCl3 | Extra signals > 2% total integration |
| Property | 1-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)pyrrole | 1-(4-Fluorophenyl)pyrrole | 1-(2,6-Difluorophenyl)pyrrole |
|---|---|---|---|
| SNAr site selectivity | Para > Ortho (~20:1) | Only para-fluoro; mono-substitution | Ortho, both equivalent; second displacement slow |
| Rotational barrier (N-aryl) DFT, B3LYP/6-31G* | ~18 kJ/mol | ~12 kJ/mol | ~35 kJ/mol |
| Typical melt point | 34–36 °C | 15–18 °C | 52–54 °C |
| Cytochrome P450 oxidative liability | Moderate; 4-F blocks para-hydroxylation | High; unblocked para-position | Low; both ortho-positions blocked |
| Aldehyde regioselectivity (Vilsmeier-Haack) | Pyrrole 2-position (85%) | Pyrrole 2-position (82%) | Pyrrole 3-position (60%, due to steric twist) |
| Preferred storage temperature | 2–8 °C, dry | –20 °C, dry | 2–8 °C, dry |