3-(Piperazin-1-yl)-1,2-benzothiazole stands as an important compound in the world of chemical research and industrial synthesis. It features a benzothiazole core—a bicyclic system containing both nitrogen and sulfur—attached to a piperazine ring at the third position. The formula shows up as C11H13N3S, revealing the elements arranged in a way that offers unique properties required in specialized applications. The structure delivers a base for pharmaceutical intermediates, agrochemical building blocks, and offers room for further modification in medicinal chemistry. Over the years, it has played a part in early-stage drug discovery, with its skeleton seen in several antipsychotic and antiparasitic compounds.
Looking at the physical side, this molecule most commonly takes a solid form at room temperature. Depending on purity and production process, it may appear as a pale to off-white powder, or sometimes as crystalline flakes. Less often, a granular or pearly form comes out of certain crystallization methods, though that's not standard in everyday synthesis labs. Solubility sticks close to organic solvents like DMSO, methanol, or ethanol, so water-based handling doesn't get you far. The molecular weight stays near 219.3 g/mol, keeping logistics simple for anyone accustomed to weighing out raw materials. Density typically hovers just above 1.2 g/cm³, lining up with a range of other benzothiazole derivatives. At scale, packing and transportation benefit from the compound’s stability—stored in solid containers, it avoids any need for refrigeration and doesn’t degrade easily with regular handling.
In lab and industrial settings, strict attention to batch specifications matter more than marketing terms. Purity runs high—97% or greater is routine on research lots—because even fractional contamination can throw off downstream syntheses. Fine particle size ensures swift dissolution in reaction solvents. Each lot should come checked for trace water, which can limit reactivity if left unmanaged. The chemical’s melting point usually falls between 132°C and 135°C, serving as a quick quality assurance reference. Packing often comes in polyethylene jars or sealed aluminum pouches, sometimes double-bagged to keep the contents dry. Whether shipped in 10-gram glass vials or larger drums, buyers look for clear batch codes and compliant hazard labeling. The HS Code for trade—2934999099—puts it in the group of “Other heterocyclic compounds” that don’t fit more specific sub-categories.
3-(Piperazin-1-yl)-1,2-benzothiazole comes with a blend of stability and reactivity that earns it attention in both R&D labs and on production floors. Resistance to oxidation and photodegradation—thanks to the rigid fused ring system—means it can be stored for extended periods in ordinary cabinets, as long as they stay dry and tightly closed. Its molecular structure offers two sites—on the piperazine and the thiazole—for further chemical modifications, a must for any medicinal chemist building a library of analogs. In the commercial world, drug companies look at this compound when scouting for CNS-active projects, while agrochemical developers spin off new pesticides that depend on nitrogen-sulfur frameworks. Its presence as a raw material for synthesizing complex ligands benefits those studying coordination chemistry and sensor design.
Working with 3-(Piperazin-1-yl)-1,2-benzothiazole calls for basic but thorough protective measures. No one wants accidental skin or eye contact—standard gloves, goggles, and bench coats do the job during weighing and mixing. Inhalation risk rises with powder forms—bench chemists use ventilated hoods to keep airborne particles away. Toxicity levels come in at moderate for benzothiazole derivatives; acute poisoning is rare at normal lab scales, but repeated exposure never sits right. Disposal involves solvent rinses and collection as hazardous waste, since trace amounts in drain water could end up in groundwater. In the event of a major spill, powdered chemical gets swept up and containerized for authorized disposal. Companies moving tons across borders need paperwork covering hazard classification and recommended precautions. Although it doesn’t carry the same notoriety as some high-risk reagents, respecting storage guidelines and safety data sheets ensures trouble stays far away.
Making this compound at scale takes starting with anilines, piperazine, and sulfur sources. Quality control starts with the first barrel of aniline—impurities here lead to headaches all the way down the process. Chlorinating or sulfonating agents make the benzothiazole ring, then the piperazine hook-up gives the final touch. Big chemical companies track their raw materials for traceability, especially now with increasingly globalized supply chains. Shipping delays or supplier hiccups quickly ripple through to final product cost. In my experience, supply chain transparency—having a clear line of sight from raw input to sealed bottle—spares plenty of pain if questions come up about contamination or batch variability. Most manufacturing lines now lean on automation and closed systems, dodging accidental exposure for workers and keeping emissions below local government thresholds.
This molecule, with its blend of chemical versatility and practical stability, carves out a place in laboratories and facilities that value both innovation and reliability. As regulations around chemical handling and trading tighten, companies and researchers continue seeking better documentation, improved containerization, and more thorough hazard assessments. Quality data sheets and traceable records set the standard—any distributor or supplier looking to serve advanced industries must age their logistics to meet new transparency expectations. The broader market benefits from responsible stewardship, consistent raw materials, and continued investment in safe handling protocols. In my time navigating the world of chemical procurement and process safety, chemicals like 3-(Piperazin-1-yl)-1,2-benzothiazole remind me just how much progress depends on these invisible building blocks.
