3-(1-Piperazinyl)-1,2-Benzisothiazole, commonly known by its chemical formula C11H13N3S, forms the backbone of several pharmaceutical compounds. The molecular structure combines a benzisothiazole ring system with a piperazine substituent. Its shape and arrangement allow for diverse modifications, making it an essential raw material for further chemical synthesis. The substance sits inside labs, research centers, and production facilities where specialists seek fine-tuned molecular behavior, pharmacological exploration, and highly specific reaction outcomes.
This compound tends to show up as a solid under standard conditions, shifting from off-white flakes to fine powder based on preparation methods. Certain batches form crystalline pearls, giving technicians flexible options for weighing and handling. Its crystal lattice determines melting point and stability. Density typically ranges around 1.24 g/cm³, depending on hydration and polymorphic form. Boiling rarely enters the conversation since decomposition usually sets in before the compound can vaporize. Water solubility varies but leans towards limited; organic solvents like dimethyl sulfoxide or methanol break it down more efficiently. Odor hovers around neutral or faintly musty, hinting at its aromatic base. Molecular weight clocks in at 219.31 g/mol, factoring into stoichiometric calculations for scale-up.
Breaking apart the molecule, the benzisothiazole moiety provides aromatic stability and electron flow, making ring substitutions possible. The piperazine unit brings in basic nitrogen atoms, granting the molecule sites for protonation or salt formation. Bond angles and double bonds grant the compound certain thermal properties; ring strain never becomes an issue at room temperature. Chemists value the heterocycle layout for its complex reactivity and pharmaceutical compatibility. Formula notations often read as C11H13N3S and translate into direct calculations for molarity or conversion yields during production planning.
Standard production delivers 3-(1-Piperazinyl)-1,2-Benzisothiazole as solid flakes, crystalline powder, or compacted pearls, allowing storage in jars or bulk bags. Texture and consistency remain beacons for quality control. Liquid solutions exist for applications needing fast dispersion, usually by dissolving the solid into ethanol or other compatible solvents. Specialists examine every batch under polarized light, seeking clarity, purity, and repeatable crystallinity. Bulk shipment takes form in sealed drums; smaller quantities travel in HDPE bottles or antistatic jars. Distribution leans toward the raw material market and R&D suppliers, crossing borders under strict documentation to meet customs and workplace standards.
Lab personnel take exposure seriously. Eyes and skin require protection since dust or crystals trigger irritation. Safety datasheets list hazard codes based on acute toxicity and irritant nature; handling the product in ventilated spaces or under fume hoods becomes a regular practice. Despite lacking strong odors, inhalation of fine particles creates discomfort and potential respiratory problems. Spills call for immediate cleanup, sealing off the affected area, and following established chemical waste routines. Proper gloves, goggles, and coats shield workers during transfer or weighing. Small quantities do not generate flammable vapor but storage far from open flames or heating elements reduces risk.
Industrial buyers look for clear labeling, with molecular formula, batch number, and net weight printed on every container. Purity reaches 98 percent or higher for pharma-grade material. Moisture content and melting point join the list of QC checkpoints. The Harmonized System (HS) Code identifies the compound as 2934999099 (for aromatic heterocyclic compounds, not elsewhere specified), streamlining customs paperwork for import and export. Trace metals and residual solvents stay below regulatory limits. Buyers seek out COA (Certificate of Analysis) for proof of integrity and safety before stockpiling in climate-controlled warehouses.
Medicinal chemistry marks the biggest area of use. 3-(1-Piperazinyl)-1,2-Benzisothiazole builds up structures for central nervous system agents, antipsychotic drugs, and advanced research targets. Specialists tweak substituents off the core ring, chasing receptor activity, metabolic pathway optimization, or patentable drug candidates. Beyond pharma, the molecule pops up in specialty dye intermediates and select agrochemical projects. Every new use starts with small-batch testing, scaling up only when stability and safe use have been charted out. Production sites invest in supply chain transparency, as mishandling raw chemicals can spark both regulatory and worker safety trouble.
Waste management takes priority during synthesis and processing. By-products need secure collection and incineration or advanced chemical neutralization. Facilities look for cleaner reaction protocols, swapping out toxic reagents and exploring solvent recycling. Modern labs trend toward closed-loop systems where possible, reducing overall waste discharged into the environment. Audits seek to clamp down on improper disposal, which leaves residues in wastewater or solid landfill significantly affecting local ecosystems. Green chemists look at every step for potential improvements, but the specialized structure of 3-(1-Piperazinyl)-1,2-Benzisothiazole rarely allows for fully “natural” or biobased substitutes. Tight regulations encourage continual upgrades to protection systems and eco-conscious supply practices.
Labs and production floors can’t afford to take shortcuts. Every scoop, transfer, and measurement runs under the shadow of occupational health and chemical safety laws. Training sessions drive home worst-case scenarios, teaching workers to respect both the useful and hazardous properties of 3-(1-Piperazinyl)-1,2-Benzisothiazole. Mitigation means more than buying new gear—it becomes a matter of creating daily habits around checking containers, updating storage logs, and reporting leaks or spills without delay. Raw material sourcing usually involves trusted partners with robust paperwork, tamper-proof seals, and clear provenance. Staying ahead of regulatory shifts keeps operations resilient and compliant, preventing both health issues and supply disruptions.
