2-Pyrrolidone stands out in the world of chemical raw materials, not for flash, but for its broad usefulness. This compound, with the molecular formula C4H7NO and a molecular weight of 85.11 g/mol, doesn’t shout for attention, yet it underpins a surprising number of modern processes. Its structure features a five-membered lactam ring, giving it both reliability and versatility. I’ve seen it come up in industrial labs, in plant maintenance checklists, and on the radar of those who care deeply about safe material handling. The properties that set it apart include its considerable polarity, a mild odor, and complete miscibility with water and many other solvents. The open door policy, so to speak, with liquids, lends real flexibility — something that carries obvious value to manufacturers looking for smooth flows in production. 2-Pyrrolidone usually appears as a clear, colorless liquid at room temperature, but under certain conditions, it may solidify into a crystalline mass or even produce flakes, depending on storage and handling temperatures.
A deeper look at properties gives more reasons to pay attention. 2-Pyrrolidone carries a density of roughly 1.12 grams per cubic centimeter at 20°C, which means in any given liter, you’ve got solid substance, not excess bulk. I’ve found that boiling points and melting points really matter when choosing raw materials for specific applications and 2-Pyrrolidone doesn’t disappoint: its melting point sits around 24-25°C, and it boils at pretty much 245°C. This high boiling point supports stable performance under heat, valuable in settings that push temperature limits, like advanced plastics or specialty adhesives. Viscosity runs low enough for easy pouring, measuring at about 13 mPa·s at 25°C, making drum transfers and dosing straightforward. Whether liquid, solid, or even pearls and flakes, the compound adapts easily to process demands. Purity levels generally exceed 99%, a level suited for both industrial use and more sensitive applications, such as pharmaceuticals and electronics.
Stepping into a production facility, 2-Pyrrolidone often shows up behind the scenes in nylon synthesis, polymers, solvents, and as a foundation for N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) — another key player in the solvents field. Its ability to dissolve a broad range of chemicals, including polymers and resins, makes it an essential ingredient in chemical manufacturing, ink production, and spinning solutions for synthetic fibers. I’ve seen it used for formulating high-performance polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), a polymer you’ll find in products ranging from medical tablets to hair sprays. A stint working with paint manufacturers put me in contact with its use in specialty coatings and finishes, where both stability and purity matter. It also appears as a key intermediate in synthesis of pharmaceuticals, leveraging its stability and reliable reactivity. For cleaning specialists, its solvency strength in removing contaminants from delicate surfaces provides a non-aggressive alternative to more hazardous raw materials.
Working around chemicals brings its own challenges. 2-Pyrrolidone deserves respect for its properties: skin irritation occurs with careless handling, and prolonged vapor exposure isn’t friendly to the respiratory system. The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) lists it as harmful if swallowed or inhaled in significant amounts, and while I have worked with far more dangerous substances, I’ve learned that reliable routines, including gloves and proper ventilation, matter. The liquid can absorb through skin during extended contact, leading to discomfort or sensitization. Spills require prompt cleanup, not just for safety, but to keep its distinctive amine-like odor from saturating enclosed spaces. 2-Pyrrolidone doesn’t spark into flame readily, but at high temperatures, it can break down into hazardous vapors, including nitrogen oxides. The right storage — away from strong oxidizers and acids, in tightly sealed drums or bottles, kept cool and dry — keeps the material stable and safe for long-term use. Emergency handling instructions should always feature accessible eye wash and first aid facilities.
To move 2-Pyrrolidone across borders, shippers land on the harmonized system, or HS, code 2933.71. This classification helps customs recognize the material and track it as a raw material, either as flakes, solid, powder, or liquid. Logistics managers need to stay current on regulations, especially as some regions require reporting or extra labeling for materials with specific hazardous properties. With global supply chains stretched, professionals pay attention to every detail: batch documentation, purity certifications, and transport safety. Reliable source countries range from China and Germany to the United States, all falling under similar HS Code restrictions, which keeps universal standards in check for purity and safety. Comprehensive paperwork — material safety data sheets, certificates of analysis, handling guidelines — travels with each shipment to help prevent mishandling or misclassification at ports and warehouses. As a result, end users benefit from greater transparency and trust in supply.
For countless industries, 2-Pyrrolidone serves as the foundation for more complex molecules and advanced materials. In my experience, formulation teams depend on reliable, high-quality raw materials, and this compound often sets the bar. Its stable shelf life means packaging in drums, IBCs, or smaller containers can accommodate both bulk buyers and specialty users. In adhesive manufacturing, using a consistent, pure grade avoids unwanted variability in the final product. Labs favor the solid or crystalline version for its easy portioning, while liquid forms scale up efficiently for high-volume industrial blending. I’ve observed how storage conditions — temperature, humidity, and duration — affect quality, yet the compound remains forgiving compared to more reactive or unstable alternatives. Responsible production and supply practices guarantee that raw materials, from basic solution to refined pearl or flake format, reach the end-user ready for direct application or further processing.
The broader discussion about chemical use circles back to environmental impact. Disposal of 2-Pyrrolidone needs attention: this compound, while less notorious than some solvents, still requires appropriate wastewater treatment to avoid buildup in waterways. Closed-loop recycling and solvent recovery systems, adopted by many plants I’ve visited, cut down on both waste and cost, giving manufacturers an incentive to rethink traditional disposal habits. Promoting greener chemistry approaches — like integrating biodegradable intermediates or reducing process waste — fits well with industry’s push for greater responsibility. Sharing reliable environmental data and offering transparent safety documentation help both buyers and regulatory agencies make smarter decisions, reinforcing trust and keeping operations above board. Most modern supply partners now support take-back programs for empty containers and offer clear guidance on neutralization or conversion before disposal, making it easier for downstream users to handle environmental compliance without hassle.
2-Pyrrolidone, with its clear structure and reliable properties, makes its mark across industries. Chemical formula C4H7NO, specific gravity 1.12 g/cm3, solid or liquid state depending on storage, strong solvent abilities, mild but noticeable amine odor — these traits set the stage for safe, effective, and creative industrial use. Hands-on experience highlights the importance of well-maintained safety routines, careful attention to purity, and consistent sourcing. Following international HS Code 2933.71, shippers and buyers trust a system designed for traceability. Tackling hazards head-on through proper protective equipment and storage guidance helps guarantee user safety, while supply chain transparency and environmental stewardship support long-term sustainability. For anyone charged with selecting raw materials, focusing on performance, documentation, and practical experiences ensures 2-Pyrrolidone continues to prove its value across multiple applications, without losing sight of safe, thoughtful chemical management.
