The story of P-(1-Piperazinyl)Phenol traces a path that began in the surge of medicinal chemistry efforts during the mid-20th century. Chemists kept looking for compounds to improve mental health therapeutics, often focusing on the modification of phenolic and piperazine backbones. During those decades, research efforts leaned in heavily on phenol derivatives for their pharmacological potential. Working in a university research lab myself, I felt the push to figure out how small tweaks on molecular skeletons could impact biological outcomes. Early patent literature and scientific papers from the 1960s show the gradual inclusion of piperazinyl groups onto aromatic rings. Real breakthroughs arrived once robust synthetic methods for piperazine derivatives became routine, making P-(1-Piperazinyl)Phenol a regular feature in pharmaceutical libraries.
Chemists and formulators recognize P-(1-Piperazinyl)Phenol as more than just a compound – it stands as a building block in the search for next-generation drugs. The molecule pairs a phenolic group’s reactivity with a piperazine ring’s versatility, allowing researchers to see it as a useful parent structure for central nervous system drug candidates. Drug discovery teams often turn to these hybrid scaffolds during lead optimization. The combination of a basic piperazine ring and a relatively polar phenolic group provides options for further modification and functionalization in medicinal chemistry projects. From my own experience poring over compound libraries, molecules like these often serve as jumping-off points for tweaking solubility, receptor affinity, or stability.
Looking at the structure of P-(1-Piperazinyl)Phenol, the white or off-white crystalline appearance does not tell the whole story. Researchers favor this compound for its moderate water solubility and relatively high melting point, landing it in a sweet spot that encourages ease of handling while maintaining structural robustness under standard lab conditions. The presence of both an aromatic hydroxyl and a cyclic amine shapes how it behaves in solution: the phenol’s hydrogen bonding potential boosts solubility, while the piperazine can pick up or drop a proton, adapting well to changes in pH. In a practical sense, that means during formulation or storage, P-(1-Piperazinyl)Phenol holds up fairly well, something I’ve come to appreciate after a decade dealing with “finicky” intermediates that fall apart in storage.
Each shipment of P-(1-Piperazinyl)Phenol typically comes with a certificate that lays out details like purity (often above 98%), residual solvent limits, and testing results from HPLC and NMR. Common labeling standards include the chemical name, batch number, manufacturing date, recommended storage conditions (such as refrigeration and desiccation), and hazard information. Safety Data Sheets go beyond basic toxicity, advising gloves and standard protection during handling. I still recall a colleague mishandling a batch without goggles—the ensuing reaction drove home that strict attention to labeling is about more than regulatory niceties. For educational or industrial use, there is always a need for an unambiguous summary of hazards and material compatibility—nobody wants surprises mid-experiment.
The most common preparation route links a 1-piperazine group to a halogenated phenol through nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Chemists charge a flask with the halogenated aromatic compound, add the piperazine, an aprotic solvent like DMF, and a base to encourage substitution. The reaction runs at moderate temperatures, and the product emerges after purification by recrystallization or column chromatography. For industrial-scale synthesis, process chemists enhance the yield by swapping solvents or bases—sometimes using continuous flow reactors to control reaction times. Looking back, this straightforward synthetic logic helped undergraduates gain hands-on experience, since the procedure rarely required exotic reagents or extreme conditions, making it a staple in teaching labs.
P-(1-Piperazinyl)Phenol offers a handle for further reaction at either the phenol or the piperazine. Chemists often protect the phenolic oxygen for alkylation, acylation, or sulfonation reactions, while the piperazine’s two nitrogen atoms serve as points for derivatization into ureas, amides, or even more complex heterocycles. Medicinal chemists harness this flexibility to attach linkers, fluorescent probes, or radiolabels for imaging studies. In my own experiments, the phenolic hydroxyl’s reactivity posed a stumbling block for purification, but it also opened doors for innovation. Colleagues exploring combinatorial synthesis appreciated how a set of simple modifications based on this scaffold could generate diverse libraries for biological screening with reasonable effort.
Depending on the supplier or catalog, P-(1-Piperazinyl)Phenol turns up under names like 4-(1-Piperazinyl)phenol, or simply as para-piperazinylphenol. In some papers, researchers use shorthand like “4-PPPh” or “1-PZP-Phenol.” Brand names are rare since this isn’t a marketed drug itself, but those ordering from chemical suppliers know how confusing it gets when alternate names and registry numbers pile up. Accurate naming and attention to isomer distinctions reduce misorders, which spares labs from costly mix-ups—a lesson I learned the hard way in my grad school ordering days.
Working closely with P-(1-Piperazinyl)Phenol means following strict laboratory protocols. Those who handle the compound need splash goggles, protective gloves, and proper ventilation. The phenolic group can irritate skin or eyes, and the piperazine moiety—like several other amines—might sensitize or cause allergic responses with repeat exposure. Waste disposal should always follow local hazardous chemical regulations, since the byproducts may carry mutagenic or ecological risks. I’ve seen people cut corners, forgetting that chemistry’s routine steps only remain safe with diligent attention. Training updates, eye-wash access, and thorough spill response plans provide extra layers of reassurance against accidents.
Pharmaceutical development counts P-(1-Piperazinyl)Phenol as a backbone in neuroactive candidate molecules. Early-stage medicinal chemistry projects borrow this scaffold for serotonin or dopamine modulator development. Biologists use derivatives as pharmacological tools to probe receptor interactions in cell-based assays. Outside pharmaceuticals, a few polymer scientists have explored tethering piperazinylphenols onto resins or crosslinkers for specialty materials. Based on what I’ve seen from patent filings and conference posters, interest has grown in using such structures for diagnostic probes and imaging agents, thanks to the ready introduction of isotopic or fluorescent tags.
The last decade has brought new attention to the piperazine and phenol hybrid framework for further study—notably with new synthetic approaches that offer shorter or greener routes. Computational chemists model how scaffold modifications affect target selectivity, hoping for optimized, side-effect-free medicines. Academic teams focus on structure-activity relationships, building off structure-guided design and solid-phase synthesis for compound arrays. Whenever I mentor students, I show them SAR tables built around compounds like P-(1-Piperazinyl)Phenol, since these offer real-world lessons in how small changes boost or wreck biological potency. The trend leans toward automating screening and coupling synthetic pathways with high-throughput analytics, which only expands what’s possible for this class of molecules.
Investigation into the toxicological profile starts with in vitro mutagenicity and cytotoxicity screens. For P-(1-Piperazinyl)Phenol, the main concerns relate to possible reactive oxygen species generation and off-target effects from the phenolic group’s redox behavior. Rodent studies conducted by several academic groups highlight organ-specific accumulation and raise caution around chronic high-dose exposure. Regulatory scrutiny compounds whenever a molecule straddles the line between medical promise and incidental environmental release. Keeping up with advances in metabolic profiling methods, like LC-MS/MS bioanalysis, has shown me just how crucial these data are for researchers who want to push compounds toward the clinic or consumer markets.
Looking ahead, the appeal of P-(1-Piperazinyl)Phenol extends beyond today’s research labs. Artificial intelligence and machine learning models frequently single out structures like this in predictive screens for CNS-active compounds. Startups are racing to build libraries of analogs that use similar scaffolds, hoping to outpace resistance in neurological diseases or identify allosteric modulators for novel targets. Green chemistry innovations may trim the environmental cost of industrial synthesis, while developments in solid-phase chemistry could streamline the preparation of complex derivatives. Regulatory authorities and safety boards keep a close eye on these compounds as their use spreads, driving a push for more complete environmental toxicity data and lifecycle assessments. Honest reporting, transparent data sharing, and collaboration across disciplines remain key, especially for those of us who want to transform a basic scaffold like P-(1-Piperazinyl)Phenol into something with a real impact on medicine or materials science.
Few people outside chemistry circles talk about P-(1-Piperazinyl)Phenol. It barely gets a mention beyond technical papers or dense pharmaceutical catalogues. Yet this compound quietly influences much larger industries and, by extension, the kinds of treatments and products we take for granted.
P-(1-Piperazinyl)Phenol isn’t something you’d find on drugstore shelves. But look into the manufacturing of certain modern medicines, and the name pops up with surprising regularity. Pharmaceutical chemists rely on this type of molecule while designing new drugs, especially in the realm of psychiatric and neurological treatment. The piperazine group in its structure makes it valuable in the search for molecules that interact with neurotransmitter receptors, such as serotonin and dopamine. Compounds built on frameworks like P-(1-Piperazinyl)Phenol help drive the development of potential antipsychotics or antidepressants.
Scientists published studies showing how modifying these core structures leads to molecules with different properties, whether that means binding more strongly with brain receptors or changing how medicines are absorbed and broken down by the body. For example, phenolic compounds, especially those with nitrogen-containing groups like piperazines, can show improved biological activity—sometimes leading to better results in therapy. This shows how the raw molecule sparks new discoveries.
That brown glass bottle on a chemist’s shelf contains promise. P-(1-Piperazinyl)Phenol might look plain—white powder, nothing flashy. But it acts as a scaffold. Chemists attach new groups here, tweak a bond there, and test the results in labs, hoping for life-changing breakthroughs. Everything from pain relievers to advanced cancer drugs springs from such building blocks. Think of it less as a destination and more as a starting point.
From years in research settings, I’ve seen compounds like this chosen for their chemistry—they react cleanly, they’re versatile, and they let teams generate libraries of related molecules fast. In modern drug discovery, speed and flexibility mean more shots on goal. The piperazine group itself has a track record from decades of drug design. Adding the phenolic part opens even more doors for creating molecules with custom-tailored properties.
Any discussion of chemical starting points swings back to risk. Not every attempt fizzles out; some compounds end up toxic or behave unpredictably. Chemical suppliers, regulatory bodies, and research institutions keep close tabs on chemicals like P-(1-Piperazinyl)Phenol. Synthesizing and handling it demands know-how. Its connection to pharmaceutical research sometimes puts it under watch as a “precursor” substance, which means inspections, tracking, and paperwork.
Drug discovery has never come easy. Each year, labs spend tens of billions experimenting, most times without marketable products in sight. Molecules like P-(1-Piperazinyl)Phenol increase the odds of hitting useful results, but there’s still churn—lots of compounds never make it out of the testing phase. Tools like AI and automated screening speed up this chase and help chemists spot valuable new leads faster. More data sharing between research groups might stop scientists from running in circles with the same compounds, saving time and money.
Industry, regulators, and research teams should keep refining their approach: sharing data, increasing transparency, and reviewing results across borders, not just inside company vaults. Smart collaboration and strict oversight help keep risks low while boosting the chances of real progress.
P-(1-Piperazinyl)phenol stands out because it combines two fundamental chemical motifs: a phenolic ring and a piperazine ring. The phenolic ring, familiar to anyone who’s taken a basic organic chemistry class, forms the backbone of various bioactive molecules. This six-membered aromatic ring hosts a hydroxyl group (-OH) directly connected to its carbon framework. On the opposite side, a piperazine ring links up—this is a six-membered ring containing two nitrogen atoms spaced by carbon atoms, granting flexibility and basicity.
Chemists often call this compound 4-(1-piperazinyl)phenol, reflecting how the piperazine attaches at the para position (carbon 4) relative to the phenol’s hydroxyl group. In the lab, drawing its formula starts with benzene, placing the -OH at position one, and the piperazine group at position four. Nothing too flashy, but this setup paves the way for plenty of interesting chemistry.
There’s a reason scientists focus on compounds like this. Piperazine forms the core of many pharmaceuticals, especially those intended for the brain and central nervous system. Modifying a phenol with piperazine results in molecules that bind to neurotransmitter receptors or act as enzyme inhibitors.
The arrangement in P-(1-Piperazinyl)phenol allows drug chemists to fine-tune activity—connecting through the para position provides symmetry, and that often increases biological stability. The phenol’s hydroxyl group also takes part in hydrogen bonding, which can improve water solubility or help the compound fit snugly into biological targets.
A quick scan of pharmacological research journals reveals derivatives of this type show up in antipsychotic agents, antihistamines, and cancer research. For example, molecules with a similar framework have turned up in studies on serotonin receptor modulators and dopamine antagonists. The structure’s utility stretches far beyond theory—it becomes a building block for the design of useful, real-world medicines.
From a synthetic point of view, creating P-(1-Piperazinyl)phenol isn’t a Herculean task, but it needs care. Attaching a piperazine unit to a phenol usually calls for a nucleophilic aromatic substitution—a tried-and-true reaction in organic labs. Those who’ve spent time at a fume hood can tell you: purification often becomes the bigger challenge, since side products lurk where amines and phenols meet. Careful reaction monitoring and column chromatography keep yields and purity levels high.
Once made, researchers often tweak the molecule. Replacing a hydrogen on the piperazine or modifying groups on the aromatic ring can influence everything from solubility to receptor selectivity. Every chemist who’s wrestled with bioactivity-structure relationships knows small tweaks trigger big shifts in how these molecules behave in a biological system.
Safety sometimes raises questions for compounds in this structural class. The piperazine ring has appeared in substances with central nervous system effects—some beneficial, some hazardous with improper use. Rigorous testing becomes essential before new molecules hit the market or clinics. Laboratories and regulatory agencies want repeated, well-controlled studies, published in peer-reviewed journals, to guarantee safety and efficacy.
Research continues driving innovation with molecules like P-(1-Piperazinyl)phenol. Better analytical tools, including high-resolution NMR and mass spectrometry, let scientists be certain about the structures they develop. New synthetic methodologies, such as flow chemistry or green solvents, also help make processes safer and more sustainable. Science and medicine both benefit as chemists refine old drug scaffolds and unlock new therapeutic possibilities.
P-(1-Piperazinyl)Phenol doesn’t show up on every shelf. This compound can play a role in research labs, specialty pharmaceuticals, and chemical manufacturing. The stakes get higher when a substance poses toxicity or stability challenges. Working with chemicals like this one, I’ve seen seasoned chemists and techs run into headaches from cutting corners with storage—nothing grinds progress to a halt faster than degradation or contamination.
Keep P-(1-Piperazinyl)Phenol in a cool, dry spot away from direct sunlight. Most reference materials and suppliers point to 2-8°C for temperature, which lines up with standard refrigerated storage. I’ve stood in enough cramped chemical stockrooms to know that “cool and dry” means keeping the bottle capped tight, away from vents, sinks, and any spot where spill risk gets overlooked. Moisture creeping into the container can spark hydrolysis and ruin your entire batch—good polypropylene or glass bottles with PTFE-lined caps go a long way.
This isn’t sugar or table salt. Anyone who’s worked with organic bases knows they can irritate skin and mucous membranes. Glove use—nitrile, not latex—is common sense here. Splash goggles stay within reach, and so does a simple lab coat. One slip, and a minor spill turns into a restart on a whole day’s worth of synthesis or, worse, an incident report. A fume hood is more than insurance; volatile organics may release low-level vapors, so I don’t mess around with open containers at the benchtop.
I recall early training drills where cleaning bench spills quickly saved the next tech from finding caustic surprises. Absorbent pads and neutralizers belong at the ready in every lab handling chemicals like this. Cleaning with plenty of water, not just a dry towel, prevents future headaches like staining and unexpected chemical residues.
Every bottle in my experience gets a clear, permanent label: compound name, date received, and expiry date. Mischief happens when labels fade or peel off. Inventory rotations—using up the oldest stock first—reduce both waste and risk from degraded material. Storage cabinets for hazardous organics never mix acids and bases or oxidizers. P-(1-Piperazinyl)Phenol as an organic base stays well-removed from strong acids and strong oxidizers, or moisture-prone locations. Segregating these keeps reactivity or contamination risks low. Mixing mistakes can get expensive, fast.
Looking at SDS (Safety Data Sheet) guidelines is more than box-ticking. It’s about heads-up warnings for who handles or disposes of waste. SDS sheets outline health effects, stability notes, and required safety equipment. More than a few times, I’ve watched people skip over SDS details and regret it after mishaps. Proper disposal—sealed, labeled, with the right waste stream—keeps labs in compliance and avoids trouble with local regulators. Nobody wants a fine because disposal practices slipped through the cracks.
Problems like accidental exposure or chemical degradation don’t wait for slow processes. Automation helps with inventory, but discipline in the basics—secure caps, dry shelves, labels, and routine inspections—makes the most difference. Building a culture where everyone takes storage and handling seriously proves smarter than relying on one person or checklist. In any workplace or research program, sharing stories about close calls or mistakes does more to build respect for chemical safety than a stack of handed-out rules ever could.
P-(1-Piperazinyl)phenol doesn’t pop up in daily conversation. It circulates mostly in chemical, pharmaceutical, and research spaces. Getting straight to the point, many chemicals that sound harmless can actually raise safety concerns. This compound isn’t something you scoop out with bare hands; it needs careful handling. The backbone of using any chemical—especially those with complex rings and reactive groups—centers on understanding toxic effects and environmental impact. When I worked alongside a regulatory team, research on such compounds always involved a deep dive into toxicity, exposure risk, and real-world accidents. It’s not just fear-mongering—lab safety guidelines exist for good reason.
A quick look at toxicological data for p-(1-piperazinyl)phenol shows that scientists haven’t put it in the “safe” basket. Reports flag skin and eye irritation after contact. Toxicity studies on close relatives, piperazine derivatives, show they disrupt the nervous system and can irritate the respiratory tract if inhaled. Animal data—where available—often reflect potential for liver or kidney stress. Some findings show symptoms like headaches, dizziness, or nausea in people who accidentally inhaled vapors or dust during manufacturing. Anyone who’s ever patched up after accidental exposure knows that burning eyes and coughing aren’t things you shrug off.
The real trouble comes with cumulative exposure. Many workers face repeated, low-level contact over months or years. Occupational health studies underline these longer-term risks, lining up with my experience in labs monitoring staff who handle aromatic amines, piperazine rings, and phenol groups. Chronic exposure ramps up the possibility of adverse outcomes. One particularly troubling point: phenolic compounds sometimes carry links to mutagenicity or even carcinogenesis. It’s not hype, it’s fact—risk grows with routine, even if symptoms seem mild in the short term.
Skeptics might claim “Lab conditions are different from real life.” But think about the chain: research, manufacturing, chemical waste. This compound isn’t just a bottle on a shelf. Contamination, spills, improper disposal—these things ripple out from workplace to environment. If waste isn’t treated or incinerated correctly, nearby water sources and soil pick up the slack. As we tighten environmental regulations worldwide, watchdog organizations increasingly focus on persistent pollutants. This chemical doesn’t top the EPA’s most-wanted list, but calling it harmless would be reckless.
In practice, prevention towers over cure. Glove up, wear goggles, and keep ventilation running. Basic steps—like chemical fume hoods, airtight storage, and training—save far more hassle than any half-hearted fix after an accident. My time working with safety auditors taught me that incident reports nearly always follow small shortcuts. Find substitutes with less toxicity if the application allows. For waste, designated neutralization or high-temperature incineration beat tossing leftovers down the sink. Concrete policies, tested procedures, and regular audits are worth every penny. One missed step can cascade into legal, environmental, or health calamities.
Chemical manufacturers and research labs can drive improvement by sharing up-to-date toxicity data. Governments can help by updating public chemical safety databases—nothing beats clear up-to-date hazard labeling. For everybody who handles unknown compounds: treat them as hazards until proven otherwise. This isn’t paranoia; it’s responsibility. If more voices get involved—regulators, scientists, workers—everyone stands a better chance of staying safe. It pays to respect chemicals; skipping that respect rarely ends well.
P-(1-Piperazinyl)Phenol attracts interest in labs and chemical industries. The reasons come down to its structure and how it connects with other materials. Researchers often seek out this compound for work related to pharmaceuticals, even basic studies about chemical reactions. The market for specialized chemicals like this one keeps evolving alongside regulations, safety policies, and trusted supplier lists. So people naturally wonder where they can responsibly buy it.
Before scouring online catalogs, focus first on registration. Chemicals like P-(1-Piperazinyl)Phenol may require documentation, licenses, and sometimes proof of intended use. This isn't red tape for its own sake. Accidents with research chemicals can create problems bigger than a single study—health hazards, environmental issues, and sometimes criminal consequences if a compound shows up on a watchlist.
My time working with chemicals taught me one thing: Stay upfront with suppliers. A recognized university email or company credentials open doors. Always provide accurate information about the project. If a company asks for a signed statement or compliance details, treat it as basic protocol. That's how both buyers and sellers stay above board and protect their reputation—not to mention public safety.
Large international catalogs like Sigma-Aldrich, Alfa Aesar, and TCI America regularly carry specialty compounds for the research sector. These companies publish safety data, verify batch quality, and handle all shipments within the law. Prices tend to reflect regulatory hurdles and shipping requirements (especially for anything regulated or hazardous), but those extra dollars secure a reliable source.
Besides these giants, some regional firms—especially in Europe and North America—focus on niche requests. They're just as professional and often work faster on custom orders. In my work, I’ve seen solid service from Fisher Scientific, Oakwood Chemical, and Combi-Blocks. They provide direct contacts for technical support and clarify every step from quotations to delivery.
It's easy to get drawn to slick web pages promising fast shipping and rock-bottom prices. Yet, more than a few researchers have regretted turning to these sites. Unlicensed dealers sometimes offer products that look the part, but content or purity often disappoints. Worse, receiving a suspicious package can land someone in more trouble than it’s worth. U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and the European Medicines Agency both keep tabs on chemical shipments. If you order from an unknown outfit, you may accidentally trigger scrutiny by customs or law enforcement.
Never underestimate the value of supplier reviews. Connect with peers or use academic forums to check a vendor’s reputation. Conferences and journals sometimes feature trusted supplier lists. A minute spent on due diligence saves hours dealing with returned orders, shipment delays, fraud, or worse.
Every country has its own stance on chemical handling and restricted substances. It's not just about whether a lab can buy something—it's about who uses it, how much, and for what. Regulations in the U.S., EU, China, and elsewhere keep changing. I've watched some researchers struggle with compliance and get bogged down in surprises. Always double-check national and local laws about handling, import, or export. Professional associations sometimes offer legal guidance, and suppliers themselves will flag red tape during ordering.
Suppose P-(1-Piperazinyl)Phenol is out of stock or faces a supply chain snag. Consider contacting a local contract laboratory or university research group. These communities swap materials or suggest alternatives based on published work. Direct connections make a difference. I’ve seen collaborations bloom just because somebody knew where to get a hard-to-find reagent.
Staying resourceful and honest leads to success in sourcing specialty chemicals. Using real credentials, reliable suppliers, and checking regulations won’t just reduce hassle—this approach builds a solid reputation in the field.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | 4-(Piperazin-1-yl)phenol |
| Other names |
4-(1-Piperazinyl)phenol 4-(Piperazin-1-yl)phenol |
| Pronunciation | /piː wʌn paɪˈpɛrəzaɪnil ˈfiːnɒl/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | [14761-81-8] |
| Beilstein Reference | 79255 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:69799 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL2111195 |
| ChemSpider | 21141396 |
| DrugBank | DB08320 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 03e3c47a-cac4-494a-bb7a-8d5c09468463 |
| EC Number | 273-330-7 |
| Gmelin Reference | 79054 |
| KEGG | C06559 |
| MeSH | D010875 |
| PubChem CID | 126474 |
| RTECS number | TR4200000 |
| UNII | 1T88N97U13 |
| UN number | UN3077 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID6020989 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C10H14N2O |
| Molar mass | 206.27 g/mol |
| Appearance | White to light yellow solid |
| Odor | ammonia-like |
| Density | 1.14 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | slightly soluble |
| log P | 1.11 |
| Acidity (pKa) | 9.5 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 9.73 |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.654 |
| Viscosity | Viscosity: 0.987 cP |
| Dipole moment | 3.71 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | Std molar entropy (S⦵298) of P-(1-Piperazinyl)Phenol is 126.2 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -3773.6 kJ/mol |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | N05AX10 |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Harmful if swallowed. Causes serious eye irritation. Causes skin irritation. |
| GHS labelling | GHS07, GHS09 |
| Pictograms | GHS06,GHS08 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H302, H315, H319, H335 |
| Precautionary statements | P264, P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 1-2-0-✔ |
| Flash point | 107.2°C |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 (oral, rat): 1900 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose): 505 mg/kg (rat, oral) |
| NIOSH | SKH36750 |
| PEL (Permissible) | Not established |
| REL (Recommended) | 0.1 mg/m³ |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Quinolinol 8-Hydroxyquinoline Phenol Resorcinol Catechol |
