Opipramol first appeared during the surge of psychopharmaceutical development in postwar Europe. Drug researchers set out to tweak tricyclic antidepressants, searching for alternatives that could fill a gap left by early psychiatric medications. Scientists in Germany, faced with the growing awareness of untreated anxiety and somatic complaints in general practice, observed that many tricyclics dulled anxiety but carried heavy side effects. By the mid-1960s, chemists isolated opipramol as a byproduct of these experiments. Eventually, clinical testing confirmed its receptor affinity leaned toward sigma receptors rather than classic amine transporters, setting it apart from related tricyclics like imipramine or amitriptyline. The compound entered the German and Eastern European markets under a variety of brand names, but international crossover stalled as benzodiazepines became the household name for anxiety. Still, opipramol settled into a steady role across Europe, often filled for patients unable to tolerate standard tricyclics or benzodiazepines.
Opipramol belongs to the class of tricyclic compounds but sidesteps the typical mechanisms associated with this group. Unlike classic antidepressants designed for reuptake inhibition, it exerts its primary action by targeting sigma receptors, with only minor effects on histamine and muscarinic pathways. Pharmacies usually stock it in tablet form, predominantly as the dihydrochloride salt, dosed for oral administration between 50 mg and 100 mg. The drug’s unique mood-stabilizing and anxiolytic properties brought it a special corner in pharmacology. This profile positions opipramol for use in treating generalized anxiety disorder, somatoform disorders, and psychosomatic complaints, particularly for individuals struggling with sleep disruption linked to anxiety.
On the bench, opipramol sits as a white to yellowish crystalline powder, stable under standard storage conditions. Solubility leans toward water, with higher dissolution rates at acidic pH, making it fit for oral solutions or dry compounding. Molecular weight clocks in at 363.5 g/mol for its free base. The compound’s structure retains the tripartite ring system shared by other tricyclics—three fused aromatic rings—but the side chain introduces a piperazine group. This addition marks the key to its different activity profile. Chemically, it’s listed as 4-[3-(5H-dibenz[b,f]azepin-5-yl)propyl]-1-piperazineethanol dihydrochloride. In practice, overheating or exposure to strong bases degrades its crystalline form, leading clinicians and pharmacists to keep it tightly bottled in dry, cool storage.
Labels on opipramol products carry a strong emphasis on dosing, contraindications, and clear warnings about risks in pregnancy or in combination with alcohol and MAO inhibitors. Pharmacopoeias outline purity thresholds, checking for no more than 0.1% related substances and strict limits for moisture content. European manufacturers submit each batch to liquid chromatography assays to confirm identity and purity. Tablets list each excipient alongside the active ingredient, ranging from cellulose to basic dyes for coloring. The tablets also typically bear scoring to aid dose adjustment, a nod to its careful, titrated use in older adults and individuals with hepatic compromise.
Producing opipramol calls for careful execution of multi-step organic synthesis. Chemists start with dibenzazepine, then build out the propyl chain, introducing the piperazine moiety in a final coupling stage. The resulting base undergoes salt formation with hydrochloric acid to yield the stable dihydrochloride. This process, long refined, runs at modest temperatures, given the compound’s sensitivity to heat and light. Industrial reactors, scrupulously cleaned between batches, help prevent cross-reaction or contamination. Final products, after crystallization, enter vacuum drying ovens before quality control. Reagents and finished drug alike must meet current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) standards, with each production step documented for regulatory and safety tracking.
Opipramol’s synthetic route offers room for minor structural tweaking. Early research tried swapping the piperazine group for other cyclic amines, or tightening or lengthening the propyl chain, but most modifications produced either inert or unwantedly sedative products. Research teams, intrigued by sigma receptor pharmacology, still investigate halogenation or ear-marked substitutions at the benzene rings, hoping for compounds with finer selectivity or fewer anticholinergic effects. Attempts to complex opipramol with excipients—cyclodextrins, for instance—aim to enhance bioavailability without boosting toxicity. The base compound remains relatively stable, resisting facile oxidation or hydrolysis, though long storage at elevated temperatures increases degradation risk.
Across markets, opipramol pops up under several trade and research names. In Germany and parts of Eastern Europe, "Insidon" and "Pramolan" stand out on pharmacy shelves. International pharmacopoeias stick to "opipramol dihydrochloride." Academic studies sometimes reference it as "4-(3-(5H-dibenz[b,f]azepin-5-yl)propyl)-1-piperazineethanol." Practitioners, especially those working in geriatric psychiatry, often recognize it simply as "the sigma tricyclic," though this is far from an official label. Physicians and reviewers group it with so-called "atypical anxiolytics," differentiated by its non-sedative, non-benzodiazepine nature.
Prescribing physicians appreciate the relatively mild side effect profile of opipramol when compared to traditional tricyclics. Nonetheless, standard safety guidelines emphasize cardiac screening before initiation, given longstanding concerns about QT prolongation and rare conduction disturbances. Packaging includes reminders to avoid abrupt discontinuation, a holdover from broader psychotropic safety protocols. In European countries, additional labeling warns against taking the drug with strong CYP450 inhibitors or, in rare cases, with SSRIs. Workplaces handling raw powder or finished dosage form enforce local occupational health protocols, from gloves and eye protection to dust extraction systems. Pharmacovigilance programs collect reports on rare events such as allergic reactions, serotonin syndrome, or drug-induced hepatitis. Advising patients properly about the slow onset and steady improvement—rather than instant relief—forms a key part of clinical practice. Researchers still urge caution in people with a history of epilepsy, severe hepatic dysfunction, or those working with heavy machinery.
Doctors in primary care and psychiatric practice routinely reach for opipramol for individuals struggling with somatoform disorders, insomnia laced with anxiety, and mood disturbances not well covered by modern SSRIs or benzodiazepines. It often finds a home in outpatient clinics where medication compliance is more important than rapid symptom elimination. Older adults, sensitive to sedative or anticholinergic side effects of classic tricyclics, sometimes benefit from the milder profile of opipramol. Its off-label use extends to those with certain chronic pain syndromes, particularly when other tricyclics have failed or triggered intolerable side effects. European treatment guidelines for generalized anxiety and mixed anxiety-depression list opipramol as a secondary or adjunctive option, often favoured in populations wary of dependency risks that trail benzodiazepines.
Current research into opipramol often focuses on unraveling the mechanism behind its sigma receptor affinity and the clinical outcomes stemming from this effect. Laboratories use radioligand binding studies to map its action on sigma-1 sites and test analogues for selectivity. Psychiatrists set up clinical trials to compare patient retention rates, quality of life scores, and relapse prevention between opipramol and mainstream anxiolytics. After years of anecdotal use for sleep disorders, sleep labs now examine its impact on REM sleep and overall sleep architecture. Some interest arises around its use in somatic symptom disorders, especially where patients cycle through antidepressants or antipsychotics without sustainable benefits. Universities collaborate with pharmaceutical companies, testing different delivery forms—from slow-release tablets to liquids meant for acute hospital settings, targeting groups with swallowing difficulties or erratic dosing schedules. Multicenter observational studies scan adverse event databases, hunting for rare but serious events and mapping real-world tolerability for long-term users.
Toxicology teams tested opipramol extensively during its European rollout. Standard acute exposure tests in animal colonies produced LD50 figures that matched or exceeded similar tricyclics, with most toxicity presenting as CNS depression, anticholinergic effects, or cardiac arrhythmia in overdose. Chronic dosing in rat and dog studies rarely resulted in significant organ damage except at doses multiple times the human therapeutic range. Detailed studies assessed its impact on reproductive health and carcinogenic potential, neither of which raised immediate red flags in routine toxicology reviews. Human case reports highlight that accidental overdose triggers confusion, ataxia, hypotension, cardiac slowing, and rare seizures. Medical centers treating such events rely on gastric lavage and symptomatic care, rarely turning to hemoperfusion given the moderate protein binding and hepatic metabolism of the drug. Ongoing surveillance continues to prioritize cardiac evaluation, particularly for populations already at risk of arrhythmia or with co-morbid use of other QT-prolonging medications.
Interest in opipramol climbs as physicians and researchers look for alternative solutions to entrenched problems of anxiety, sleep disruption, and somatic complaints. With benzodiazepine misuse dominating headlines and SSRIs producing varying patient responses, a steady, non-addictive anxiolytic stands out for further exploration. Drug development branches push forward on analogues with tighter sigma-1 selectivity or lower load on hepatic metabolism, eyeing ways to extend the medical use of this scaffold. Some biotech firms invest in formulations better suited for evening dosing or combination therapy with newer antidepressants, hoping to plug persistent gaps in psychiatric care. Clinical guidelines may incorporate opipramol more explicitly as larger trial data compiles. If research confirms its low abuse potential and compatibility with other treatments, health systems facing prescription drug crises may give opipramol a broader space—both as a standalone tool and as part of multi-modal regimens. The rediscovery of this older molecule shines a light on the importance of keeping open shelves for proven but under-utilized agents, and on further investment in research outside the latest, often costlier, pharmacological frontiers.
Opipramol lands on pharmacy shelves with a clear job. Patients come to it for help with anxiety, inner tension, and the nagging grip of psychosomatic complaints—those persistent aches and pains that come from an emotional source. The medication doesn't fall under the usual suspects like common antidepressants or benzodiazepines. Instead, it’s a tricyclic compound. Unlike its “cousins,” which target depression mainly, opipramol works best for people who can’t seem to shake their nerves and muscle knots, people who lie awake with their mind racing or stuck in constant worry.
Doctors have handed opipramol prescriptions to patients in Europe, especially in Germany, for decades. I remember meeting folks who felt at a loss about which medications actually calm the rattles of anxiety without making daily life foggy or riskier—think of jobs where alertness means everything, like driving buses or teaching kids. The usual anti-anxiety medications bring risk of dependency and sluggishness; opipramol’s structure (and the science behind it) means fewer folks feel sedated, even after weeks of use.
Many patients feel heavy pressure in their chest, trouble sleeping, or long chains of scary thoughts after a hard life event. The real reason people get a prescription for opipramol lies in its ability to break those chains. It doesn’t numb feelings completely. Instead, it seems to loosen the grip, much like a gentle hand on a tight shoulder. It shows up especially in cases where anxiety cranks up body symptoms. Headaches, stomach knots, and unexplained pain may fade as nerves settle down.
Opipramol’s chemistry distinguishes it from others with a similar look. Rather than sticking to classic depression targets, it binds to sigma receptors and touches the histamine and serotonin system. The result: steady nerves, relief from ruminating thoughts, and an easier time falling asleep. Around 40% of people in some studies noticed distinct improvement within weeks. That’s rare among medicines you can take regularly without fear of addiction or withdrawal symptoms.
The drug also avoids some unpleasant side effects that send people running from other psychiatric pills—things like sexual dysfunction or major weight gain. For many, opipramol means fewer trade-offs.
Some skeptics call out opipramol’s reputation for being milder or less well-studied than the blockbuster pills. But not every patient fits the big studies or heavy protocols, and treatments need room for individuals who haven’t felt seen or heard in larger data sets. Doctors in hospitals and clinics report steady success using opipramol as part of a toolkit, not as a lonely answer. It joins forces with talk therapy, routine changes, and nutritional support.
Those who use it for physical symptoms of anxiety—think heart palpitations or poor sleep—often do best when combined with regular visits and close listening by medical providers. Consistent check-ins mean early troubleshooting, and a calmer mind builds healthier habits over time.
Like any medication, opipramol does not fix everything. Some people get dry mouth or notice a bit of dizziness. To handle these, doctors keep doses lower, make slow adjustments, and always watch for heart issues if anyone has a family history. Its greatest value shines when chosen based on the full picture—whole person, not just a pile of symptoms.
Anxiety and psychosomatic suffering can trap people in repeating loops. Medications alone rarely offer a true solution. By partnering opipramol with therapy, connection, better sleep rhythms, and honest talks about stress, far more people get a shot at recovery. The medical world needs options that add, not subtract, from well-being. As more research lands, opipramol could find a stronger place in the anxiety toolkit, meeting an old need with a thoughtful, balanced touch.
Opipramol comes up often for people dealing with anxiety, depression, or similar health struggles. A prescribed medication won’t work the same way for everyone. Side effects paint a more complete picture, letting patients make real, personal choices with their doctors. Ignoring common reactions leaves people unprepared, and sometimes a bit worried, when unexpected changes hit. I’ve watched friends switch medications only to get sideswiped by drowsiness or headaches—simple information can save a lot of phone calls and stress.
Sleepiness stands out as one of the main side effects. Energy drains, focus slips, everyday routines feel like slogging through mud. For a lot of people starting opipramol, naps become a daily habit whether they want to or not. Dizziness comes up, too. Getting up too fast can make you see stars. It’s never fun to worry about tripping over your own feet at work or walking through your neighborhood feeling off balance.
Dry mouth shows up next. Someone once described this as “tongue glued to the roof of your mouth.” Water helps, but it can get so annoying that it interrupts conversation or meals. The digestive system can slow down, and constipation follows. Not the most glamorous topic, but skipping these details wouldn’t be fair. Laxative use goes up, and more attention gets paid to diet and hydration than before.
Weight changes belong here. Some people gain weight, and that rarely brings joy. Appetite can spike, or metabolism can slow down—sometimes both. It sneaks up after a few weeks or months, and subtle frustration mounts. Sweating, particularly at night, causes its own set of problems: damp pillows, ruined shirts, and uncomfortable sleep.
People seeking relief from anxiety or depression might feel odd if their emotions start blunting. Instead of highs and lows, everything moves toward a dull gray. For a parent or partner, those shifts change how relationships work. It becomes tough to connect or find enthusiasm for even favorite activities. Some report agitation or restlessness, which feels like energy trapped in their body without a good outlet.
Certain groups stand out as more vulnerable. The elderly feel dizzy spells and sleepiness much more, sometimes leading to falls. People with heart issues have to be careful—opipramol can influence heart rhythm, resulting in palpitations or more serious problems. Anybody with liver or kidney concerns needs bloodwork watched closely. That’s what the science and doctors say, and it matches stories I’ve seen play out around me with older family members.
Listening to your body works best. If dizziness or drowsiness seems overwhelming, talk to the prescribing doctor; adjusting timing or dose often helps. Staying on top of hydration, moving regularly, and tracking weight make a big difference. Sometimes dietitians or pharmacists have tips that most people don’t hear enough in brief appointments. Keeping friends or family in the loop gives another set of eyes watching for emotional shifts you might miss yourself.
If anything dramatic happens—chest pain, trouble breathing, severe confusion—quick action matters more than waiting or guessing. Reporting everything honestly, even if it feels minor or embarrassing, helps everybody involved make safer choices. Real-life stories and community matter as much as charts or labels when dealing with the effects of medication.
Opipramol isn’t a new face at the pharmacy, but there’s still plenty of confusion about it. Doctors often prescribe it for anxiety and some types of depression. Unlike the usual antidepressants or benzodiazepines, Opipramol doesn’t sedate in the standard sense or push emotions down. It eases both mind and body tension—sometimes that’s exactly what people need when everyday worries start piling up and physical symptoms kick in.
Clear instructions matter with a drug like this. Most adults get a dose split between morning and night. Getting into a routine helps—taking it at nearly the same times daily reduces the ups and downs in concentration. Taking it after food often settles the stomach, a lesson many have learned the hard way after rushing pills with only a sip of water.
Skipping days or doubling doses doesn’t speed up recovery. The body responds best when you stick with the routine. That’s how you actually get relief. Forgetting once in a while happens, but don’t play doctor by guessing double doses later. If you’re ever unsure, reach out to the prescribing healthcare provider. They want real feedback—they aren’t just box-checkers.
People react differently to Opipramol. Some folks feel sleepy. Some find dry mouth or slight dizziness. Most of these go away after a few days. If they linger or new symptoms show up, talk to a professional before stopping cold turkey. Quitting suddenly can surprise your system, especially if you’ve taken it for a while. Tapering off slowly often keeps side effects to a minimum.
This drug rarely works in isolation. Coffee, alcohol, and some other medicines may change how Opipramol acts in the body. For example, drinking a couple of beers can increase drowsiness or mess with blood pressure. Always keep an up-to-date list of the medicines and supplements you take and share it with your doctor at every appointment. That habit alone lowers risk. Check if driving or operating heavy machinery feels safe. Not everyone is affected the same way, but it’s important to pay attention those first couple of weeks.
A good relationship with a healthcare provider makes all the difference. They want to know if Opipramol actually eases symptoms or brings new problems. Bring in concrete observations: Are you sleeping better? Is your anxiety less overwhelming in social settings? Did you catch yourself zoning out or feeling weirdly off-balance? These details help guide any dosage tweaks and prevent overmedication or unnecessary misery.
Managing mental health calls for patience and persistence. Opipramol forms just part of the puzzle. Routines, communication, and watching for side effects—these simple steps stack up over time. Opipramol works best as a tool, not a magic fix. Trusting your own observations and staying open with your care provider sets the stage for steady progress, not just bursts of hope followed by disappointment. Anyone considering or currently taking Opipramol lifts their odds of success by sticking to the care plan and raising questions, not brushing off new experiences.
Opipramol doesn’t ring out in most households, yet its reach stretches far in psychiatry, especially across Europe. Doctors prescribe it to ease anxiety and depression. No wild headlines link opipramol to street misuse, nor do you see it traded in shady online pharmacies. So, the pressing question for anyone handed an opipramol prescription remains: can it cause addiction or lead someone to crave more?
Opipramol works differently from the usual suspects in the antidepressant world. Unlike benzodiazepines or opiates, it latches onto sigma receptors in the brain, not the classic routes tied to reward and craving. Researchers haven’t identified a dopamine surge like the one that fuels dependency in drugs such as morphine or cocaine. For someone taking it as their doctor instructs, most scientific reviews and real-world case notes show little sign of withdrawal, compulsive use, or escalating dose just to feel stable.
I’ve sat with people gripped by dependence on other medicines—restless nights, itching for another pill, life shrinking to serve a craving. You don’t see those stories trailing opipramol. People usually report steady improvement of anxiety or mood, sometimes a groggy start or dry mouth, but not a growing urge to sneak an extra tablet. The body and brain don’t chase opipramol the way they chase benzodiazepines or even caffeine. Jumping off opipramol after a steady run doesn’t unpack those withdrawal headaches or tremors familiar to anyone who’s tried to quit Xanax or Valium unexpectedly.
Doctors don’t take addiction concerns lightly. In medical circles, a drug’s reputation for dependency shapes how they talk to patients. If a pill hooked people easily, physicians would flag it in bold before handing out a script. For decades, opipramol rarely sparked those warnings. German psychiatric guidelines mention no addiction risk. Netherlands health authorities say it doesn’t foster cravings or compulsive use. A friend working in a Berlin clinic confirms: people don’t line up asking for opipramol refills after their anxiety fades. They move on; they don’t linger.
No drug comes entirely free of risk. Some folks have unique body chemistry or don’t follow instructions. Certain online forums tell of discomfort after a fast stop, or odd feelings when switching doses. Still, these stories remain rare, and most involve very rapid changes or unapproved combinations with other medications. The World Health Organization tracks global prescription harm. Opipramol hasn’t landed in public warning lists. Compare that with the warnings for benzodiazepines, which fill pages.
Clear conversations help the most. If you’re worried, bring up every concern with your doctor. Ask about side effects, timing, and what to expect when you’re ready to stop. Avoid stacking opipramol with other mood-altering meds unless your prescriber is on board. Track your mood and experiences. If you notice any discomfort, speak up before reaching for another dose. Medical teams want to help you find steady ground, not swap one problem for another. Routine reviews and honest feedback keep things safe and transparent.
Opipramol earns its space as a treatment for anxiety and depression, without the baggage of strong dependency risk. Still, respect every medication, stay curious, and trust the mix of science and open conversation to guide you through any concerns.
Trying to manage anxiety isn’t just a mental game. Opipramol brings real relief for people struggling with worry or emotional strain. It acts on the brain’s chemicals, helping settle the storm of tension. But mixing it with other pills turns this picture into something far messier. This topic gets personal if you’ve ever watched a loved one juggle their anxiety pills with medications for blood pressure, diabetes, or chronic pain. You start realizing that there’s no standard recipe for safety, and one tablet doesn’t always just add to another. Each new medicine can shake up how Opipramol behaves inside the body.
The biggest problem comes from drug interactions. I’ve spent afternoons trying to help family sort boxes of pills and pharmacy printouts, only to realize combining medications gets risky. Opipramol itself can sedate, lower your blood pressure, or influence heart rhythms. Mixing this with sedatives, antidepressants, or some painkillers can cause drowsiness well beyond comfort, sometimes enough to threaten your ability to drive or focus. Combining it with anti-histamines or sleeping agents can leave you groggy on the best days, or mixing with heart medications can push blood pressure way too low. That’s not stuff you can fix with a strong coffee, either.
There’s a growing pile of medical research on drug combos. Opipramol interacts mainly through the liver enzyme CYP2D6 pathway—a system which also processes medicines like fluoxetine (an antidepressant), some beta-blockers, and other psychiatric drugs. When two medicines lean on the same enzyme for breakdown, one ends up left in the bloodstream longer, pushing side effects up. According to peer-reviewed pharmacology journals, SSRIs, tricyclic antidepressants, and certain sleep pills raise side effect risks. For folks taking anti-seizure drugs or those with kidney or liver troubles, the margin for error shrinks even more. These facts aren’t just theoretical—they surprise real people every day at clinics and pharmacies when symptoms suddenly intensify.
Life with chronic health issues forces a lot of trust onto doctors. But healthcare isn’t perfect—specialists sometimes don’t talk much with each other, and lists of active medicines get outdated. One survey from the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society found one in three older Americans regularly takes five or more prescription drugs. Nobody can expect to remember all the risks without help. I’ve seen older family friends end up in the hospital after well-intentioned mixing, because everyone assumed someone else checked compatibility.
Everyone wants peace of mind, especially people already fighting anxiety or depression. The easiest step is never to squeeze a new prescription into your routine without a conversation with your doctor or pharmacist. Show them every pill bottle, including over-the-counter or herbal supplements. Digital health records can help, but they only work if doctors update them with every visit. Pharmacists—those are the folks who spot red flags others miss. Online tools exist to warn about dangerous combos, but face-to-face advice brings more detail. If you or someone you care for relies on several medications, a single printout of all your prescriptions—updated every time—keeps everyone safer. Read the side effects leaflet every time a new pill enters the mix. Side effects sneak up fast, and people deserve to understand what to watch out for, not just hope for the best.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | 4-[3-(5H-dibenz[b,f]azepin-5-yl)propyl]-1-piperazinylethanol |
| Other names |
Insidon Pramolon Ensidon |
| Pronunciation | /əˈpɪprəmɒl/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 315-72-0 |
| Beilstein Reference | 126631 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:7829 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1117 |
| ChemSpider | 2155 |
| DrugBank | DB09130 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 03d59c6b-0760-4c28-9d02-21bbb6c3b304 |
| EC Number | EC 1.5.3.1 |
| Gmelin Reference | 1714929 |
| KEGG | D08201 |
| MeSH | D010222 |
| PubChem CID | 4634 |
| RTECS number | RG2060000 |
| UNII | 33M8Z2821A |
| UN number | UN2811 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C23H29N3O |
| Molar mass | 363.512 g/mol |
| Appearance | White or almost white, round, biconvex tablets. |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 1.15 g/cm3 |
| Solubility in water | Slightly soluble in water |
| log P | 4.17 |
| Vapor pressure | 5.21E-12 mmHg |
| Acidity (pKa) | 9.08 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 4.6 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -92.7×10⁻⁶ cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.668 |
| Viscosity | Viscous liquid |
| Dipole moment | 2.54 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 324.6 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -65.2 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -6012 kJ/mol |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | N06AA05 |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Harmful if swallowed. Causes serious eye irritation. May cause respiratory irritation. |
| GHS labelling | GHS07; Warning; H319 |
| Pictograms | opiates, triangle, tablet, oral use |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | No hazard statements. |
| Precautionary statements | P201, P202, P264, P270, P301+P312, P330, P501 |
| Flash point | Opipramol has a flash point of 198.6 °C |
| Autoignition temperature | 240°C |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 (rat, oral): 431 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose) of Opipramol: 280 mg/kg (rat, oral) |
| NIOSH | Not Listed |
| PEL (Permissible) | Not Established |
| REL (Recommended) | 50–100 mg daily |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | Not established |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Imipramine Trimipramine Azepindole Quinupramine |
