Back in the late 20th century, as the chemical industry kept digging deeper for molecules that could bridge gaps in synthesis and polymer chemistry, N,N'-Bis(3-Aminopropyl)Piperazine (BAPP) popped up as a particularly clever solution. Chemists didn’t dream this up in isolation; interest grew right alongside the development of versatile epoxy resins and specialty polymers, both fields hungry for new hardeners and chain extenders that could offer improved flexibility and reactivity. Researchers explored cycles like piperazine for their reactivity and focused on functionalizing these rings with active side chains. That’s where the 3-aminopropyl groups came in, creating a molecule that meshed well with evolving demands for more robust and chemically-tractable amines. Over the past several decades, key advances in production technology and better understanding of amine-based reactants pushed BAPP from specialized labs into mainstream manufacturing.
BAPP stands as a bifunctional amine featuring a piperazine core flanked by two 3-aminopropyl arms. This unique structure gives it broad appeal, showing up everywhere from industrial adhesives to water treatment. Cheaper diamines can’t always match it, especially for challenging system designs or when manufacturers want high curing agent performance. The balanced molecular design gives chemists a solid base for modifications or direct use in polymerizations and formulations. Compared to simpler amines, BAPP offers double reactivity and better spatial flexibility, making it a preferred choice for crafting tailored molecular architectures.
BAPP usually appears as a colourless to pale yellow, slightly viscous liquid. It doesn’t evaporate easily under normal conditions, so it remains easy to handle through extended processing windows. Its molecular weight hovers around 242.4 g/mol. Water and many alcohols mix well with it, thanks in part to its amine groups. BAPP resists crystallization at room temperature but still manages to remain fluid at temperatures common in industrial settings. These features play a big role in its widespread use. It holds up under moderate heating but gives off an ammonia-like odor and can trigger irritation if not handled with care.
The standard for technical-grade BAPP usually calls for purity above 98% by weight, with moisture content below 0.5% and minimal presence of color bodies or unknown contaminants. Labeling includes its full chemical name, batch number, production date, expiry, and relevant pictograms relating to health hazards. Specifications check not just for purity but also for secondary amine content, ensuring the product matches both the demands of chemical processes and the safety standards set by global regulatory agencies.
In practice, most BAPP comes from reacting piperazine with acrylonitrile, then using catalytic hydrogenation for the nitrile groups. The process often unfolds in two steps. Chemists first blend piperazine with excess acrylonitrile, steering the reaction in a suitable solvent and keeping temperatures controlled to avoid runaway exotherms. After full formation of the bis-nitrile intermediate, a hydrogenation step under pressure converts nitrile to primary amines. Commercial facilities fine-tune parameters—like catalyst choice and feed rates—to squeeze out extra yield and cut by-products, while focusing on worker safety and efficient waste management.
BAPP's two primary amines react aggressively with epoxides, carboxylic acids, and isocyanates. This encourages chemists to reach for it as a curing agent in epoxy systems or polyurethane formulations. The molecule offers more than just the basic amine reactivity—it gives enough spatial distance between reactive centers to shape the rigidity or flexibility in the final network structure. The piperazine ring sometimes serves as a backbone for further substitution; synthetic chemists often modify the side chains to introduce hydrophobic, hydrophilic, or functionalized groups. Such modifications have helped introduce BAPP derivatives into niche polymer electronics and membrane applications.
Common synonyms include 1,4-piperazinedi(3-aminopropyl), BAPP, and 4-(3-Aminopropyl)piperazine-1-yl propan-1-amine. Suppliers frequently market it under names like Bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine and BAPP-99, drawing attention to high purity or specific functionalization. Being aware of these aliases helps buyers avoid mix-ups in procurement or regulatory reporting.
Strict controls guide BAPP use, not only under chemical safety standards but also factory protocols. Prolonged skin or eye contact leads to irritation or burns. Inhalation of vapors over extended periods impacts respiratory systems; regulatory agencies require clear hazard identification, onsite training, and personal protective equipment including gloves, goggles, and fume hoods. Specialty manufacturers run automated systems and continuous monitoring, minimizing direct exposure. Wastewater and residues head to treatment plants that neutralize amines before discharge. Storage tanks and transport containers receive corrosion-resistant linings and leak detectors, since BAPP acts aggressively towards certain metals and plastics.
BAPP dominates roles in high-performance epoxy resin curing—think advanced composites, coatings, and adhesives. Its two active ends enable rapid crosslinking and high curing efficiency, supporting fast production cycles for makers of wind blades, electronic encapsulants, or automotive structures. The molecule also appears in water treatment, binding with metals or complexing agents to clear contaminants from industrial streams. Beyond large-scale chemical industries, specialized derivative forms work in pharmaceuticals and as intermediates for specialty polymers. Academic research leans on BAPP to build new bio-inspired hydrogels or membrane materials, chasing better selectivity and adaptability through chemical tweaking.
Research teams keep finding ways to push BAPP further. They explore new reaction pathways, particularly hetero-couplings or step-growth polymerizations that leverage both amine groups and the secondary nitrogen in the piperazine ring. Scientists fine-tune process conditions to maximize selectivity and reduce production costs in both pilot and industrial scales. Computational chemists study electronic features to anticipate compatibility with novel fillers or resins. Teams also evaluate BAPP’s interactions with green solvents or renewable raw materials, addressing both efficiency and environmental concerns in line with tightening regulations.
Studies reveal BAPP can provoke moderate to strong local irritation on skin or eyes; accidental inhalation in poorly ventilated spaces brings risk of longer-term respiratory symptoms. Animal testing pinpoints acute LD50 levels well above many other amines, but chronic exposure data remains limited, pushing occupational safety officers to err on the side of extra caution. Long-term ecosystem fate research uncovers moderate persistence in water but calls attention to breakdown products that may disrupt aquatic life. Companies incorporated strict handling guidelines and thorough environmental risk assessments in response.
BAPP’s future lies in more than just epoxy curing and water treatment plants. The chemical industry steps toward greener production, so BAPP’s compatibility with biobased feedstocks and renewable resins matters more every year. Research teams develop customized copolymers that blend BAPP with next-gen hardeners, aiming for lighter, tougher, and environmentally friendlier materials. Advances in encapsulation or controlled-release tech favor chemicals that offer multiple binding sites and predictive reactivity—features BAPP supplies in spades. Scientists anticipate that modifications on the core molecule will unlock expanded use in both medical and electronic fields, piecing together the next class of high-value, sustainable specialty chemicals. As demand for advanced materials grows, industry keeps innovating to optimize reactor safety, reduce by-products, and implement clean synthesis pathways, ensuring BAPP adapts along with changing priorities.
N,N'-Bis(3-Aminopropyl)Piperazine, usually known in the chemical community as BAPP, doesn’t grab headlines unless you work in a lab or chemical plant. Still, its influence runs quiet and deep through industries. Most people might never see its name on a label, but this compound keeps processes running smoother and products stronger. I’ve come across it during research work and in hands-on settings where its value is measured not in buzz, but in getting complex jobs done right.
BAPP stands out because of its chemical structure: it packs both amine groups and a piperazine ring. This may sound technical, but the real-world upshot is flexibility. Manufacturers turn to it when they want a building block for advanced polymers. Think of rugged epoxy resins in coatings that protect bridges or floors from the worst weather or foot traffic. BAPP doesn’t deliver this all on its own, but, added into the mix, it helps the end product resist scratches, chemicals, and temperature swings. The surfaces hold up longer, the repairs cost less, and the work slows down less often.
BAPP’s role stretches beyond coatings. Water treatment operators often trust polyamides and chemicals based on BAPP to remove unwanted metals and hardness from water. It acts as a chelating agent, meaning it grabs hold of minerals or metal ions and takes them out of the equation. I’ve seen this first-hand in municipal water setups: BAPP-based agents help meet safety standards, protecting pipes and people alike.
The pharmaceutical world often turns to BAPP for another reason. Its chemical groups link easily with other substances, so it works as a starting point for medicines and specialty drugs. Chemists engineer it into molecules with targeted effects. Even though most of the public never hears about these building blocks, their absence would slow innovation. Everyone wants safer, more effective treatments and BAPP’s versatility keeps doors open for discovery.
With so many uses, demand is steady. This pushes up against the need for safety. BAPP isn’t as risky to handle as some other industrial amines, but it can cause skin and eye irritation, and the fumes make good ventilation important. Chemical plants work with local regulators to keep exposures down. Now, the eyes of the industry focus on greener synthesis processes, including less waste and safer alternatives at every step. Anyone designing a plant comes across questions about safer handling, emergency training, and best routes for disposal—nothing should end up where it shouldn’t be.
BAPP isn’t alone in shaping industrial and research progress, but it’s part of a larger movement toward smarter chemistry. Industry experts call for stronger supply chain transparency and more data on long-term environmental fate. Green chemistry guidelines offer a path forward. If suppliers and researchers keep sharing knowledge, and if regulations stay science-based, BAPP will keep supporting medical advances, tougher infrastructure, and safer municipal services without leaving a mess for the next generation. My own experience says progress depends on attention to both innovation and responsibility in every batch produced.
A lot of things in chemistry come down to the formula. For N,N'-Bis(3-Aminopropyl)Piperazine, the molecular formula counts as C10H24N4. Three letters and a string of numbers might feel like textbook jargon, but for anyone working in a lab or reading a safety data sheet, those characters tell you how this compound is built. Ten carbons, twenty-four hydrogens, and four nitrogens form the backbone, not too big or overly complicated, but just technical enough to remind anyone handling it to approach with respect.
C10H24N4 comes with a molecular weight of 200.33 g/mol. Numbers like these do more than fill out a specification page or help chemists measure precise amounts. Having exact weights means calculations for reactions and dosing can be spot-on, taking away guesswork and anchoring the experience of chemical handling in reality. For industries measuring out grams or kilograms every day, small differences can make solutions run smoothly—or run wild.
I’ve spent hours in chemical stockrooms, hunting for the right bottle and double-checking labels before ever opening them. The formula jumps out not only in safety protocols but also when mixing up media or trying to scale up reactions. Getting that single nitrogen off by a digit turns a project sideways fast. Mistakes here ripple through an entire batch.
That molecular weight, too, answers more than one question. Going from tiny vials to tanks, accuracy keeps people safe and saves money. I’ve seen what happens when folks skip a check—reactions go wrong, time gets wasted, and budgets leak. Workers and students both rely on numbers like 200.33 g/mol to convert ideas into real-world action. Even automated systems need people to type in the weight and formula, so human attention never gets completely replaced.
Chemistry relies on trust, both in the product and in the data. Consistent formulas and weights support regulatory compliance and keep organizations honest. Safety sheets use these figures to advise on exposure limits and emergency measures. Medical and pharmaceutical sectors need complete certainty, as patients’ well-being hangs in the balance.
Bad information leads to breakdowns. In my own work, I’ve had to resolve mistakes from mislabeled samples and wrong weights. Getting it right fosters a reliable environment. Clear, accurate reporting pairs tightly with trusting your team, your sources, and yourself.
Advance planning always comes from detail. In training new technicians, I watch for those who pause to double-check formulas and weights, not just breeze by. The way people approach small details says a lot about outcomes. N,N'-Bis(3-Aminopropyl)Piperazine might look obscure outside the industry, but its proper use shapes countless research and production settings. A few simple numbers underpin every safe and successful project, from benchtop to full-scale process.
C10H24N4 and 200.33 aren’t just trivia—they’re essential for accurate work. Every process rests on that foundation.
N,N'-Bis(3-Aminopropyl)Piperazine shows up in labs quite a bit, especially when folks work with epoxy curing agents, water treatment, or specialty chemicals. The name alone sends a clear message: this isn't something to treat lightly. A story comes to mind from a college lab, where one person brushed off the idea of chemical gloves, thinking he'd be in and out. Some chemicals, like this one, don’t offer the luxury of second chances. Reports show that skin and eye exposure can lead to chemical burns, and breathing in the vapors causes respiratory irritation and even more serious danger with repeated exposure. The National Library of Medicine lists this substance as corrosive and potentially toxic if mishandled.
Work starts with a thorough check of personal protective equipment: goggles with side shields, a fitted lab coat, chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile is wise), and a fume hood ready for use. People can get complacent with splash goggles, but chemical splashes don’t wait for you to blink. A classmate once underestimated a splash risk, and had weeks of red, irritated skin as a reminder. A disposable lab coat or apron provides another layer for the torso and arms. Proper footwear—not canvas sneakers—helps cut down on another risk.
Having a clean bench, knowing the safety data sheet front to back, and working with clear intent matter just as much as the PPE. All it takes is one careless reach to ruin a day. Never pour or transfer this amine outside a ventilated enclosure. Gloves come off as soon as work finishes, and washing up might seem obvious, but even seasoned workers sometimes forget. Spills should get treated like a fire drill: act fast, follow the plan, and alert anyone in the area. Set aside a spot for contaminated waste, labeled with chemical names, so the disposal crew won’t face unexpected trouble.
Emergency eyewash stations and showers sit nearby for a reason. Not everyone uses them unless panic hits, but a split-second rinse makes all the difference if a splash happens. I remember one chemist who practiced running to the eyewash every week, making sure the path stayed clear. Not every supervisor bothers to run that drill, but it’s one that should happen more often. Inhalation scares me more than spills, since vapors slip by unnoticed. Always vent the workspace, and use a respirator if air monitoring shows high concentrations.
New team members learn a lot by watching experienced techs, and culture matters as much as technical skill. A friend working in an insulated plant once told me, “Here we don’t cut corners—our manager lost a finger to a caustic years ago.” Leadership shapes attitude, so training should go beyond slide decks. Practice with mock spills, talk about real incidents, share the scary close calls. Conversations like these keep everyone sharp.
Manufacturers look for less hazardous alternatives, and engineering controls often outshine personal protection. Real-time monitoring and closed transfer systems earn their keep by cutting down human mistakes. Still, vigilance, discipline, and plain-old common sense form the best safety net. Every worker has a right to go home with the same health they brought in that morning—no shortcuts, no exceptions.
Walking into a storeroom full of chemicals, I learned quick lessons. Some bottles gathered dust, but others demanded respect. N,N'-Bis(3-Aminopropyl)Piperazine sits among those that deserve a well-thought-out approach. The clear liquid seems innocent, yet mishandling risks more than lab downtime—a spill can ruin inventory, threaten health, and land you on the wrong side of safety rules. Folks who’ve worked with strong amines know: a loose cap or fading label causes trouble fast. Direct experience reminds me that a bit of care saves hours of headache later.
Chemicals like this need more than a shelf and a spot on your spreadsheet. I’ve seen what heat and sunlight can do to liquids—caps warp, content darkens, and, in the worst cases, pressure builds up. N,N'-Bis(3-Aminopropyl)Piperazine won’t stay stable if left near a radiator or window. Most safety data sheets recommend cool, dry storage, but those words don’t capture the habits that save projects. Find a chemical-resistant cabinet away from acids and oxidizers; separate it from incompatible materials to stop emergencies before they start. Forgetting this step risks a chain reaction instead of a calm afternoon.
Small habits around containers separate safe labs from risky ones. New chemists sometimes ignore tiny cracks or faded hazard labels. I learned to check caps for corrosion before every use. N,N'-Bis(3-Aminopropyl)Piperazine, while not flammable, still releases strong vapors that’ll ruin a shared space and leave behind stains. Use HDPE or amber glass bottles built for amines—nothing leaky or brittle. Write the opening date and inventor’s initials on every label. That way, people spot expired or contaminated stock before it finds its way to a reaction vessel.
It’s easy to underestimate how quickly fumes can fill a room. N,N'-Bis(3-Aminopropyl)Piperazine gives off a fishy odor—strong enough to notice, yet subtle enough that ventilation systems get overlooked. Working in a well-ventilated area or under a fume hood should become second nature. I’ve watched labs ignore airflow and wind up with headaches or worse. Consistent airflow lowers the risk of accidental inhalation and keeps the workspace pleasant. If you store significant quantities, a vented cabinet adds another layer of protection.
Hand protection, lab coats, and goggles seem basic, but regular use limits chronic skin irritation. Spills on benches or floors linger if not wiped up immediately. I always keep absorbent pads handy, rather than searching for them during an emergency. Waste containers must fit the chemical type—no dumping leftovers into the sink. Local regulations don’t forgive mistakes, and compliance audits become painful if storage isn’t on point. Many institutions now provide quick-reference guides for storage. Use them. Relying on memory can lead to shortcuts no one enjoys explaining.
Sustainable storage practices extend to ordering only what’s necessary, sharing inventory logs, and disposing of small leftover portions properly. Over time, I’ve found organizing regular cleanup days makes a real difference. Stock stays manageable, and everyone works with fresher, safer chemicals. The upshot is fewer emergencies, less waste, and an easier time passing inspections. Practical, down-to-earth actions make chemical storage safer for everyone, every day.
Few chemicals seem as obscure as N,N'-Bis(3-Aminopropyl)Piperazine, but for folks in chemical laboratories or industrial facilities, it’s not some distant name. I've seen first-hand, working alongside polymer chemists, how often the question comes up: is this compound pure enough for my process? This isn't just a matter of preference—purity can make or break an experiment or a manufacturing run. One day, you’re hunting down a reagent for a new epoxy formula, and a tiny impurity throws the reaction off. The stakes get higher when moving to pharmaceutical or electronic applications.
Manufacturers produce N,N'-Bis(3-Aminopropyl)Piperazine in several grades, suited for tasks ranging from industrial production to sensitive research. On the lower end, technical grade meets the standards for many general manufacturing needs. This bulk grade can contain minor impurities—traces of water, or by-products from synthesis. These won’t pose a problem in making resins for adhesives or coatings, but technical grade often falls short in labs that demand cleaner results.
The next step up, reagent grade, gives tighter control over contaminants. Quality control teams test each batch more thoroughly. I recall a colleague who discovered an unexpected catalyst poisoning his reaction, all because of a trace metal left behind in a technical-grade sample. Swapping in a higher purity stopped the problem in its tracks. For research, drug discovery, or any application where contaminants can interfere with results, these higher purities have real value.
Above these, pharmaceutical or electronic grades sometimes become available. Here, strict protocols push contaminants down to the tiniest fractions of a percent. These lots come with analytical certificates detailing every impurity detected. If a compound heads for clinical testing or semiconductor fabrication, there’s no room for question marks. Even so, these grades cost more and aren’t always on the shelf, since they cater to specialized markets.
Why fret over these small differences? Anyone who’s seen variability in outcomes from batch to batch knows this pain. One missed impurity can copper-foul a catalyst, introduce unpredictable colors or smells, or even make a product fail quality control. Where humans rely on precision—whether in building a better composite or creating a medicine—these details ripple out to cost, safety, and reputation.
Beyond my own experience, there’s plenty of public evidence to show how serious this can get. In high-value sectors like pharmaceuticals, regulatory agencies demand documentation. Each step gets scrutinized to ensure impurities never cross safety thresholds. Industries like electronics take things even further. The presence of a few parts-per-million of metal ions can spell disaster in microchip manufacture. The wrong impurity at the wrong stage sometimes means shutting down a production line, destroying product, or launching recalls.
Buyers aren’t powerless. Vendors usually supply certificates of analysis, so no one has to take claims at face value. Buyers should ask for these certificates, compare the stated specifications, and work with trusted suppliers. For those scaling up from bench to bulk, never assume that what worked in a test tube will scale seamlessly. Testing each batch before full-scale use reduces surprises. Err on the side of caution for applications where purity can trigger safety or product quality risks. Far better to invest upfront in the right grade than to cope with setbacks later on.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine |
| Other names |
1,4-Piperazinediethanamine BAPP Bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine Piperazine, 1,4-bis(3-aminopropyl)- |
| Pronunciation | /ɛn ɛn bɪs θriː əˈmiːnoʊˈproʊpəl ˌpɪpəˈreɪzin/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 5625-37-6 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | `3D model (JSmol)` string for **N,N'-Bis(3-Aminopropyl)Piperazine**: ``` CCN(CCN1CCN(CC1)CCN)CCN ``` *(This is the SMILES string, usable in JSmol for 3D visualization.)* |
| Beilstein Reference | 1209242 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:51586 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL135651 |
| ChemSpider | 11226 |
| DrugBank | DB04452 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.180.203 |
| EC Number | 262-899-4 |
| Gmelin Reference | 84356 |
| KEGG | C14833 |
| MeSH | D017382 |
| PubChem CID | 12009 |
| RTECS number | TF2100000 |
| UNII | XFH3C0X6F0 |
| UN number | UN2734 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID4020107 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C10H24N4 |
| Molar mass | 242.39 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless to pale yellow liquid |
| Odor | amine-like |
| Density | 0.996 g/mL |
| Solubility in water | soluble |
| log P | -1.27 |
| Vapor pressure | 0.00015 mmHg at 25°C |
| Acidity (pKa) | pKa = 9.8 (1), 8.2 (2) |
| Basicity (pKb) | 5.65 |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.517 |
| Viscosity | 13 cP (25 °C) |
| Dipole moment | 6.34 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 350.6 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -117.8 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -5356 kJ/mol |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Harmful if swallowed, causes serious eye damage, causes skin irritation, may cause an allergic skin reaction. |
| GHS labelling | GHS05, GHS07, GHS08 |
| Pictograms | GHS05,GHS07 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H302, H314, H317, H319 |
| Precautionary statements | P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P312, P305+P351+P338, P310, P330, P501 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 3-1-0 |
| Flash point | 113°C |
| Autoignition temperature | 320 °C |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 oral rat 2160 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose): Rat oral 2140 mg/kg |
| NIOSH | WXJ37297M0 |
| PEL (Permissible) | Not established |
| REL (Recommended) | 5 mg/m³ |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | Not established |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Piperazine N-Phenylpiperazine Bis(3-aminopropyl)amine 1,4-Bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine Triethylenetetramine Diethylenetriamine Ethylene diamine |
