Name of chemical: Morpholine
Chemical formula: C4H9NO
CAS number: 110-91-8
Synonyms: Tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine; Diethylene oximide
Recommended use: Used as a corrosion inhibitor, solvent, pH adjuster, and intermediate in chemical manufacturing
Manufacturer information: Refer to specific supplier or producer for contact data, emergency phone numbers, and site-specific instructions
Emergency contact details: Designated by local, state, or supplier authority; often available through Chemtrec or similar response organizations
Classification: Flammable liquid, corrosive substance, acute toxicant
Hazard statements: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage, harmful if inhaled or swallowed, may cause respiratory irritation, flammable liquid and vapour
Pictograms: Corrosive (exclamation and corrosion symbols), flame symbol
Precautionary advice: Keep away from ignition sources, avoid breathing vapour, wear PPE such as gloves, goggles, and face protection, handle in well-ventilated conditions
Main ingredient: Morpholine (concentration: usually >99%)
Impurities: Trace water, low-level stabilizers depending on source or handler
CAS number: 110-91-8
EC number: 203-815-1
Inhalation: Remove to fresh air, seek medical attention if symptoms develop such as cough, dizziness, throat irritation
Skin contact: Rinse thoroughly with water for several minutes, remove contaminated clothing, seek medical help if irritation persists
Eye contact: Rinse eyes cautiously with water for several minutes, remove contact lenses if present, seek immediate medical assistance if discomfort continues
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, do not induce vomiting, call a poison center or physician without delay
Most important symptoms: Burns, pain, redness, respiratory distress, vision impairment
Suitable extinguishing agents: Carbon dioxide, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical powder; avoid water jet on open liquid
Special hazards: Toxic fumes such as nitrogen oxides released during fire, risk of re-ignition
Protective equipment for firefighters: Full chemical suit, positive-pressure self-contained breathing apparatus, gloves resistant to chemicals
Advice for responders: Approach from upwind, isolate hazard zone, use barriers or containment to stop spread
Precautions for individuals: Avoid direct skin or eye contact, use gloves and goggles, ventilate the affected area
Environmental precautions: Do not allow entry into drains, waterways, or soil, contain spillage with inert absorbent materials such as sand or earth
Methods of cleanup: Collect with non-sparking tools into labelled containers, wash spill area thoroughly after removal
Notification procedures: Inform relevant authorities as required by regulation, reference specific environmental or health protocols
Safe handling advice: Use only in well-ventilated environments, avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing, keep containers tightly sealed
Fire prevention: Store away from sources of ignition such as open flame or heat, ground and bond containers when transferring
Storage requirements: Store in corrosion-resistant containers under cool, dry conditions, avoid direct sunlight or heat exposure
Equipment precautions: Use antistatic containers or safety cans, label tanks clearly, no smoking in storage areas
Exposure limits: OSHA PEL: 20 ppm (71 mg/m³), ACGIH TLV: 20 ppm, values may vary by jurisdiction
Engineering controls: General mechanical ventilation, use fume hoods or local exhaust in areas of vapor generation
Personal protective equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile or neoprene), safety goggles or face shield, flame-retardant clothing, closed-toe chemical-resistant boots
Hygiene practices: Wash hands and face after handling, remove contaminated clothing before breaks or leaving work
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor: Ammonia-like, fishy odor
Boiling point: 128°C (262°F)
Melting point: -5°C (23°F)
Flash point: 31°C (88°F, closed cup)
Vapor pressure: 16 mmHg at 20°C
Solubility: Miscible with water
Density: 1.0 g/cm³ at 20°C
Viscosity: 1.84 mPa·s at 25°C
Flammability: Flammable liquid
Auto-ignition temperature: 255°C (491°F)
Chemical stability: Remains stable under recommended storage conditions
Reactivity: Reacts with strong acids to produce heat and salts, incompatible with oxidizers
Hazardous reactions: Risk of violent reaction with strong acids, acid chlorides, or anhydrides
Decomposition products: Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide
Conditions to avoid: High heat, spark, open flames, contact with acids, oxidizing agents
Acute toxicity: Oral LD50 (rat): 1,450 mg/kg; Dermal LD50 (rabbit): 500 mg/kg
Inhalation effects: Respiratory tract irritation, coughing, shortness of breath
Skin contact: Severe irritation or burns with prolonged exposure
Eye contact: Causes serious eye damage, risk of vision impairment
Chronic exposure: Prolonged or repeated exposure may damage liver, kidneys, or respiratory system
Sensitization: Not expected to cause skin or respiratory sensitization
Aquatic toxicity: Toxic to aquatic organisms (LC50, fish: 180 mg/L, 96h)
Persistence and degradability: Biodegrades in the environment within a short period but toxicity to aquatic life remains a concern until dilute
Bioaccumulation potential: Does not significantly bioaccumulate in organisms
Mobility in soil: Moves readily in soil due to high water solubility, risk of groundwater contamination
Other effects: Alters pH in bodies of water, impacts aquatic ecosystem balance
Waste treatment methods: Dispose of by incineration or using an approved chemical waste facility, avoid landfill or drain disposal
Container disposal: Rinse with water, dispose of as hazardous waste according to local, regional, national regulations
Precautions: Use personal protection during cleanup and disposal, follow site-specific chemical hygiene and environmental protection policies
Special instructions: Never mix with incompatible waste, label clearly, maintain records of disposal
UN number: UN2054
Proper shipping name: Morpholine
Transport hazard class: 8 (corrosive), secondary 3 (flammable liquid)
Packing group: II
Labels required: Corrosive, flammable liquid
Transport instructions: Use leak-proof drums or containers, mark with hazard symbols, avoid transport with incompatible materials such as strong acids or oxidizers
Special precautions: Secure loads during movement, check local and international requirements under ADR, DOT, IATA, IMDG
U.S. regulations: Listed on TSCA, SARA 313 not subject to reporting but regulated as a hazardous substance
EU regulations: Classified under Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP), subject to REACH restrictions
Workplace controls: Hazard communication standards require clear labelling, training, and SDS access
Other listings: Included in Australian AICS, Canadian DSL/NDSL, and other national inventories
Labelling and approvals: Must meet OSHA and GHS hazard communication rules, use appropriate pictograms and precaution phrases
