Product Name: High-Piperazine
Chemical Formula: C4H10N2
Synonyms: Piperazinium, Hexahydropyrazine
Recommended Use: Solvent, intermediate in pharmaceuticals and polymers
Manufacturer’s Details: Listed on container label, emergency hotline provided
CAS Number: 110-85-0
Class: Corrosive, Toxic by inhalation and ingestion, Sensitizer
GHS Label Elements: Pictograms for corrosive, exclamation mark, health hazard
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage, Toxic if swallowed or inhaled, May cause respiratory irritation
Precautionary Statements: Avoid skin and eye contact, Wear protective gloves and clothing, Do not breathe mist or vapors, Wash hands thoroughly after handling
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin and eye contact, ingestion
Chemical Name: Piperazine
Concentration: 95%–99%
Other Ingredients: Up to 5% trace water, stabilizers, or related amines
CAS Registry Number: 110-85-0
Impurities: Low levels of related cyclic diamines matching manufacturing process
Inhalation: Move exposed person to fresh air, seek immediate medical attention if symptoms like coughing, shortness of breath, or chest tightness arise
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, wash exposed skin thoroughly with plenty of water, cover burns with sterile dressing, seek urgent medical evaluation
Eye Contact: Flush eyes gently but continuously with water for at least 15 minutes, lift eyelids to assure complete rinsing, obtain medical assistance rapidly
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, do not induce vomiting, provide patient care by trained personnel, monitor breathing and circulation, transfer to medical facility swiftly
Most Important Symptoms: Severe irritation, burning, possible tissue damage, respiratory distress, abdominal pain
Advice for Physicians: Provide supportive care, monitor for chemical pneumonitis, administer symptomatic treatment
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use water mist, dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide, or foam
Specific Hazards: May emit toxic fumes (nitrogen oxides, ammonia) when burned
Special Protective Equipment: Firefighters require self-contained breathing apparatus and full chemical-resistant gear
Explosion Hazards: Vapors may form mixtures with air if temperatures rise above flash point
Safety Precautions: Move containers from fire zone, avoid inhaling combustion gases, cool surrounding tanks with water spray
Firefighting Instructions: Isolate area, contain run-off from water used, keep upwind of fire
Personal Protection: Don full protective clothing with eye and face protection, glove, and respiratory protection
Spill Response: Evacuate unprotected persons, stop leak at source if safe, contain liquid with inert absorbent such as sand or vermiculite
Cleaning Method: Collect spilled material in sealed containers, avoid dust formation, ventilate spill area well
Environmental Precautions: Prevent run-off into drains, ditches, and waterways
Decontamination: Wash spill area thoroughly with water after product removal
Disposal: Label all collected waste appropriately, send to licensed hazardous waste site
Ventilation: Maintain strong exhaust to control vapor buildup, regular air exchange advised
Handling Steps: Wear gloves, goggles, long sleeves, ensure no skin contact, avoid inhaling vapor or mist at all stages
Storage Guidelines: Keep containers tightly closed, store in cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from acids, oxidizers, and moisture
Incompatibilities: Avoid strong acids, oxidizing agents, sources of ignition
Maintenance: Inspect containers periodically for leaks or corrosion, rotate inventory to avoid long-term storage
Occupational Exposure Limits: ACGIH 1 ppm TWA (skin), OSHA and NIOSH limits may differ
Engineering Controls: Local exhaust ventilation at points of emission, fume hoods for laboratory use
Respiratory Protection: Approved respirators for high concentrations or inadequate ventilation
Gloves: Chemical-resistant (nitrile, butyl rubber), change if contaminated or showing wear
Eye Protection: Safety goggles, face shields recommended during transfer or cleanup
Skin Protection: Lab coats, aprons, closed footwear, barrier creams optional for splash zones
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands thoroughly, remove and clean contaminated clothing before reuse
Appearance: Colorless or pale yellow crystalline solid
Odor: Ammonia-like, strong
Boiling Point: 146°C
Melting Point: 106°C
Solubility: Soluble in water, alcohol
Vapor Pressure: Approximately 1 mm Hg at 20°C
Density: 1.2 g/cm3 at 20°C
pH: Strongly alkaline in solution
Viscosity: Moderate
Flammability: Not highly flammable, may burn under strong ignition
Chemical Stability: Stable in closed containers under normal conditions
Conditions to Avoid: Prolonged exposure to heat, open flames, acids, oxidizers
Reactivity: Reacts vigorously with strong acids, reacts with oxidizing agents to form hazardous byproducts
Decomposition Products: Nitrogen oxides, ammonia, possible traces of carbon oxides
Polymerization: Not known to occur under normal use
Storage Stability: Stable for months if kept dry, may degrade if exposed to air and moisture
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 (rat) 2,850 mg/kg, Inhalation LC50 (rat) not available
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: Causes severe tissue burns, rapid onset
Serious Eye Damage/Irritation: Intense damage, risk of blindness with high exposure
Respiratory Harm: May cause respiratory tract burns, bronchospasm, lung inflammation
Chronic Effects: Repeated exposure may trigger sensitization, dermatitis, cough
Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: Not listed as carcinogen by NTP, IARC, OSHA
Reproductive Toxicity: Animal studies show fetotoxicity at high doses, no clear evidence in people
Toxicity to Aquatic Life: Toxic to fish, invertebrates, and algae in high concentrations
Persistence and Degradability: Moderately biodegradable, can linger in some conditions
Bioaccumulation: Low potential in aquatic organisms
Mobility in Soil: Moves readily due to water solubility, may contaminate surface and groundwater
Other Ecological Data: Larger spills can cause fish-kill, disrupt microbial action in treatment plants
Waste Treatment: Collect contaminated solids and liquid securely; do not dispose with normal waste
Method: Incinerate in licensed chemical waste facility or treat with neutralizing acid for controlled pH adjustment, check wastewater discharge regulations
Container Disposal: Rinse thoroughly, crush or triple-rinse before sending for steel recycling or hazardous disposal
Legal Aspects: Follow all local, national standards for hazardous chemical disposal, keep records of amounts and destinations
Spill Remains: Decontaminate tools and equipment, neutralize surfaces with weak acid then rinse
UN Number: UN 2579
Proper Shipping Name: Piperazine
Transport Hazard Class: 8 (Corrosive Substance)
Packing Group: III
Labels: Corrosive decals required, emergency contact number displayed
Environmental Hazards: Not classified as marine pollutant, reportable if spilled in water
Special Precautions: Keep upright, avoid strong temperature variations, secure containers to prevent leaks
Safety Equipment: Drivers and handlers must wear protection, spill response kits on transport vehicle
Regulations: Comply with DOT, ADR/RID, IMDG, ICAO/IATA requirements
US TSCA: Listed
EPA SARA Title III: Covered under Section 311/312 (acute hazard), below threshold for 313
EU REACH: Registered, use subject to safety documentation
OSHA: Classified as hazardous chemical, requires SDS, label, exposure monitoring
WHMIS (Canada): Class E (Corrosive), D2B (Toxic material causing other effects)
Labeling: GHS pictograms, hazard statements, precaution mandates in local language
Community Right-to-Know: Storage quantities must be disclosed to local authorities in many jurisdictions
