Product Name: 1-Vinyl-2-Pyrrolidone
Chemical Formula: C6H9NO
Synonyms: N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-Vinyllactam, VP
CAS Number: 88-12-0
Recommended Use: Industrial solvent, monomer for polymers and copolymers
Supplier Information: Supplied by manufacturers of industrial chemicals, addresses and emergency phone contacts vary by region; reference specific supplier information for local support.
Emergency Contact: Access Poison Control Center and regional hazardous chemical response as needed.
GHS Classification: Skin Irritant (Category 2), Eye Irritant (Category 2A), Acute Toxicity Oral (Category 4), Specific Target Organ Toxicity – Single Exposure (Category 3)
Label Elements: Signal Word: Warning; pictograms showing exclamation marks for irritant and health hazard
Hazard Statements: Causes skin and eye irritation; harmful if swallowed; may cause respiratory irritation
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing vapor; wear gloves, protective eyewear, and suitable clothing; wash hands after use; ensure good ventilation while handling; do not ingest; seek medical attention for exposure symptoms
Other Hazards: Prolonged exposure may result in dermatitis or affect kidney and liver functions; may aggravate existing respiratory conditions.
Chemical Identity: 1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone
Concentration: >99% pure in most supplied forms
Impurities: Possible traces of water, inhibitors to prevent polymerization such as hydroquinone
Molecular Weight: 111.14 g/mol
Relevant Impurities: Any hazardous impurities present at >1% (or >0.1% for carcinogens) must appear in safety documentation.
Inhalation: Remove affected individual to fresh air; keep person calm and at rest; obtain medical attention for symptoms like coughing, shortness of breath, or breathing difficulties
Skin Contact: Immediately remove contaminated clothing; rinse skin thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes; seek medical care for irritation or large area exposure
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes cautiously with water for several minutes, lifting eyelids occasionally; remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; get medical help for persistent discomfort
Ingestion: Rinse out mouth with water; do not induce vomiting; give small amounts of water if conscious; get emergency medical attention for ingestion
General Advice: Show physician this sheet; provide information about timing and circumstances of exposure.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Water spray, dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide, foam
Specific Hazards: Flammable liquid and vapor; emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides and carbon oxides when burned; vapors may form explosive mixtures with air
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Full protective gear including self-contained breathing apparatus
Fire Fighting Instructions: Cool containers exposed to fire with water spray; avoid inhalation of combustion gases; evacuate area if risk of explosion is present; remove containers from area if safe and without risk.
Personal Precautions: Wear protective clothing, chemical-resistant gloves, and eye protection; avoid contact with skin and eyes; avoid breathing vapors
Environmental Precautions: Prevent spill from entering drains, sewers, or water bodies; contain spill with inert absorbent materials like sand or vermiculite
Cleanup Methods: Remove sources of ignition; ventilate area; collect spilled material using non-sparking equipment; absorb liquid with suitable material, scoop into suitable container for disposal; clean contaminated area thoroughly with detergent and water
Reference to Other Sections: See exposure controls, personal protection, and disposal considerations for further instructions.
Handling: Use only in well-ventilated areas; handle away from heat, sparks, open flame, and strong oxidizers; avoid breathing vapors, contact with skin or eyes; do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling
Hygiene Practices: Wash thoroughly after handling; remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse
Storage Conditions: Store in tightly closed containers in cool, dry, and well-ventilated spaces; keep away from sunlight, ignition sources, and incompatible materials; store at room temperature and avoid freezing; use containers made from compatible materials such as stainless steel or glass with inert inert coatings
Special Packaging Requirements: Use corrosion-resistant containers with proper hazard labeling; ensure secondary containment to manage leaks or spills.
Exposure Limits: No established OSHA PEL or ACGIH TLV; workplace exposure recommendations include minimizing vapor levels as far as practical
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation to control vapor; provide eyewash stations and safety showers in working area
Personal Protection: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile, neoprene), safety goggles or face shield, long sleeves, laboratory coats; suitable respiratory protection if ventilation is inadequate or vapor concentrations reach nuisance levels; use chemical fume hood for lab applications
Environmental Exposure Controls: Employ spill control systems to avoid environmental contamination.
Physical State: Clear to pale yellow liquid
Odor: Weak, amine-like odor
Odor Threshold: Not determined
pH: No data available
Melting Point/Freezing Point: 13 °C (55.4 °F)
Boiling Point: 91 to 92 °C (195-198 °F) at 13 mmHg
Flash Point: 95 °C (203 °F) (closed cup)
Evaporation Rate: No data available
Flammability: Combustible
Explosion Limits: Lower – 1.2 vol %, Upper – 9.5 vol % (air)
Vapor Pressure: 0.7 mmHg at 25 °C
Vapor Density: 3.8 (air = 1)
Relative Density: Approx. 1.03 (water = 1)
Solubility: Miscible with water
Partition Coefficient: Log Kow -0.37
Autoignition Temperature: 315 °C
Decomposition Temperature: Not determined
Viscosity: 1.7 – 2 mPa*s at 20 °C
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended handling and storage; susceptible to polymerization if inhibitors are exhausted or absent
Reactivity: Avoid exposure to strong oxidizers, acids, bases; reacts vigorously with strong alkalis and peroxides
Hazardous Reactions: Can undergo rapid exothermic polymerization when heated or exposed to initiators
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, sunlight, direct flame, incompatible chemicals, loss of stabilizers
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide; acrid and irritating fumes released at high temperatures
Polymerization: Risk increases with high temperature, contamination, and lack of inhibitor.
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 (rat): 600 mg/kg; Dermal LD50 (rabbit): >5000 mg/kg
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin and eye contact, ingestion
Symptoms: Irritation of eyes and skin, respiratory tract symptoms, headaches, drowsiness, gastrointestinal upset if ingested
Chronic Effects: Repeated exposure can cause skin sensitization, dermatitis, or organ effects (kidney, liver); limited animal studies show effects at high doses
Carcinogenicity: Not listed as carcinogen by IARC, NTP, OSHA
Other Information: Sensitization potential low but possible in susceptible individuals; not mutagenic in standard battery of tests.
Aquatic Toxicity: Acute toxicity to fish (LC50, 96h, fathead minnow): approximately 460 mg/L; aquatic invertebrates (EC50, 48h, daphnia): approximately 240 mg/L
Persistence and Degradability: Readily biodegradable in aquatic and terrestrial environments under various conditions
Bioaccumulation Potential: Low, based on log Kow; little evidence for significant bioaccumulation
Mobility in Soil: High mobility predicted in water and in moist soil settings
Other Adverse Effects: Does not significantly contribute to ozone depletion or global warming; direct release to environment should be controlled to minimize aquatic toxicity.
Waste Disposal Methods: Dispose of contaminated residues and empty containers as hazardous waste; refer to local, regional, and national regulations for incineration or chemical waste disposal; do not pour into drains or release to environment
Contaminated Packaging: Rinse with appropriate solvent, then puncture and send to hazardous waste disposal
Precautions: Use personal protective equipment; label waste clearly and store until collection by licensed firm.
UN Number: UN 2810
Proper Shipping Name: Toxic Liquid, Organic, N.O.S. (contains 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)
Transport Hazard Class: 6.1 (toxic substances)
Packing Group: III (substance presents relatively low danger in transport)
Label Requirements: Toxic, Diamond symbol with “6” at base
Special Precautions: Ensure containers are secure and upright during transport; keep segregated from incompatible chemicals.
TSCA (US): Listed
REACH (EU): Registered; subject to restrictions depending on use
DSL/NDSL (Canada): Listed
Hazard Communication: Covered by OSHA Hazard Communication Standard
SARA Title III: Not on lists for extremely hazardous or toxic chemicals
Other Regulations: Check with national authorities for workplace exposure, environmental release, and consumer product standards; local and state rules may set additional restrictions on storage, labeling, and transport.
