Interest in 1-Amino-1H-Pyrrole-2-Carbonitrile picked up as organic chemistry turned toward heterocyclic compounds in the twentieth century. Chemists looked for new building blocks in medicinal chemistry and advanced materials. Research from the 1960s and beyond explores the basic pyrrole skeleton, with groups adding functional elements—like nitriles—to push boundaries in pharmaceuticals and dyes. Over time, each milestone in synthesis or application often comes from researchers seeking higher yields or improved selectivity. They often face issues with reactivity and side products, which drives iterative improvement in laboratory technique and process scale-up.
1-Amino-1H-Pyrrole-2-Carbonitrile sits at an intersection between basic organic research and targeted product development. The molecule itself—a five-membered ring equipped with both amino and nitrile groups—brings unique reactivity. Laboratories favor it as a core intermediate, especially where the aim involves constructing more complex pharmaceuticals or dyes. Its structure allows for multiple transformation routes, making it a flexible tool among synthetic chemists. The commercial availability reflects growing demand, and today you can find this compound from most scientific suppliers who serve the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and research sectors.
In its pure form, 1-Amino-1H-Pyrrole-2-Carbonitrile usually looks like a pale to off-white solid. It weighs in at about 109 g per mole, which keeps it manageable in a small vial or batch reactor. Solubility trends show moderate preference for polar organic solvents—think dimethyl sulfoxide or methanol—though it holds relatively stable in water, especially at neutral pH. The nitrile and amino groups give it a sharp melting point that anyone running purification or melting tests will appreciate when tracking impurities. Chemically, the position of the amino group next to the heterocyclic nitrogen tends to tune the basicity and makes nucleophilic attacks more selective than you'd find in a simpler pyrrole.
Suppliers typically package this compound with an assay report, often above 98% purity by HPLC or NMR. You’ll get the batch number, synthesis lot, storage recommendations—usually cool, dry, and away from strong oxidizers—and the chemical structure on the label. Most safety data sheets flag both the acrid-like odor and potential respiratory hazards during handling, which I’ve noticed helps labs enforce good ventilation and glove use. From what I’ve seen, the best-run facilities keep the compound in clearly labeled vials with hazard icons for eye, skin, and respiratory irritation. Alongside, manufacturers issue documentation on shelf life, typically two years if stored correctly.
Synthesis often starts from commercially available 1H-pyrrole-2-carbonitrile. Amination proceeds under mild to moderate conditions, usually in the presence of an amine source such as ammonia or ammonium salts, with catalysts like palladium or transition metal complexes assisting the transformation. Some academic groups streamline this route, coupling both steps into a single-pot synthesis with little need for extensive purification. I’ve followed studies where microwave or ultrasound activation sharply cuts down reaction time and boosts yield. Waste management matters here, so spend time planning solvent recovery and minimizing ammonia discharge into water streams.
Chemists rely on this core to build more elaborate molecules. The amino group works as an entry point for further functionalization: acylation leads straight into peptide-like structures, while diazotization opens the door to aryl or halogen substituents at the 1-position. The nitrile moiety supports nucleophilic addition and cyclization, important for expanding into fused-ring systems with bioactivity. I’ve observed labs use metal-catalyzed cross-coupling—Suzuki or Sonogashira—to create diversity around the ring, which helps unlock new hit compounds for pharma pipelines. The ability to selectively modify the scaffold gives this chemical much of its research value.
Different catalogues may list this molecule under several synonyms such as 1-Amino-2-cyanopyrrole, 2-Cyano-1-aminopyrrole, or 1H-Pyrrole-2-carbonitrile, 1-amino-. These labels trace back to variations in IUPAC and CAS naming, which can trip up anyone cross-referencing databases or searching patent literature. Commercial suppliers might favor simplified names or trade tags for cataloging, and researchers often abbreviate it to ACPN or related shorthand in notebooks and publications. Keeping track of these names matters for compliance, storage, and avoiding ordering errors.
Handling this molecule comes with the standard precautions of organic synthesis. Nitrile- and amine-containing organics tend to irritate the skin, lungs, and eyes on contact. Safety sheets recommend gloves, goggles, and working under a chemical hood, especially if heating or using large batches. Proper labeling reduces exposure risk; I’ve caught more than one incident in a teaching lab where someone unscrewed a container without checking hazard codes. For fire safety, it helps to know that the compound combusts to release potentially toxic nitrogen oxides and hydrogen cyanide, pushing teams to keep water and CO2 extinguishers on hand. Spill kits—absorbent pads and neutralizing agents—make for fast cleanup and maintenance of safe workspaces.
Pharmaceutical research uses 1-Amino-1H-Pyrrole-2-Carbonitrile to create kinase inhibitors, antiviral candidates, and anti-inflammatory scaffolds. The rapidly tunable ring system drives it into the lead optimization stage when fine-tuning binding properties for drug targets. Chemical manufacturers draw on this core to design functional dyes, especially those that demand thermal stability and electronic versatility. Agrochemical development benefits from its reactivity, converting it into key intermediates for fungicide and herbicide pipelines. These practical uses depend on ready access to both small and bulk batches, each with precise purity specifications and documentation.
Over the past decade, research teams have deepened their focus on this compound’s potential in both medicinal chemistry and material science. Machine-aided drug design programs frequently select pyrrole-based scaffolds as starting points, often leading to partnerships with suppliers for larger sample runs. Collaboration between academia and industry speeds up trial of new reaction conditions, catalysis, or green chemistry adaptations—especially useful for regulatory compliance and waste management. Many labs now publish both synthetic routes and biological data, making the pathway from lab-scale synthesis to preclinical trials more transparent. Regular method improvements show up at conferences where chemists share insights, often crediting minor tweaks in protocol with major gains in yield or product selectivity.
Much of the early toxicity data on pyrroles covers basic acute effects: skin redness, eye irritation, and inhalation hazards. More recent research digs into metabolic pathways, especially with regulatory agencies requiring chronic exposure studies for pharmaceutical and agrochemical candidates. Animal studies indicate moderate to low oral toxicity, but the compound’s nitrile content flags some caution—hydrolysis could release cyanide under certain biological conditions. I’ve seen in vitro tests focusing on genetic toxicity, with some reports suggesting low mutagenicity, though more investigation happens anytime the core gets included as part of a drug nucleus or agricultural product. Full risk assessments depend on intended use, so toxicologists collaborate closely with process chemists during product development.
Demand continues to grow for heterocyclic building blocks, especially with the steady expansion of pharmaceutical and advanced materials markets. Researchers are working on cleaner and safer synthesis methods, with interest shifting toward sustainable routes—biocatalysis, recyclable solvents, greener transition-metal catalysts. Improvements in process chemistry reduce both cost and environmental impact, making large-scale use more viable. Applications in biologically active molecules remain the main driver, as screening programs find new uses for functionalized pyrroles in infectious disease, cancer, and neurodegeneration research. As machine learning accelerates compound design, chemists will lean even more on versatile intermediates like 1-Amino-1H-Pyrrole-2-Carbonitrile to keep pace with fast-changing innovation cycles. Industry partnerships, clear labeling, and high regulatory standards shape how these molecules move from benchtop curiosity to mainstream application. Experiments in my own experience highlight the importance of cross-disciplinary teams—safety, synthetic skill, and real-world need all in action—to unlock the chemical’s promise.
